„ai“ 349 výsledků

The work evaluates the content of nutrients, rumen digestibility of NDF, degradability of CP, and intestinal digestibility of rumen un-degradable proteins in protein forages and concentrated feeds. The analysis of nutrient content confirmed along with the increase of plant maturity expressed by the increase of NDF, a significant decrease of NFC and CP in the regression dependence R2 = 0.7649 and R2 = 0.7116, respectively. The in situ method after 30 hours of incubation confirmed the higher NDF digestibility (P <0.001) of young roughages. The degradability of CP in alfalfa and grass silages was on average 78.7 ±6.1% or 63.7 ±9.7%. Higher protein degradability was confirmed in early-stage forages compared to mature forages for alfalfa (P <0.05) and grass (P <0.01) silages. Intestinal digestibility of un-degradable proteins determined by the modified three-step method was on average 64.1 ±2.5% in alfalfa silages and 51.0 ±5.6% in grass silages, with a statistically significant decrease (P <0.05) in mature forages. The obtained values of rumen degradability of crude protein confirmed a significant difference (P <0.001) between concentrates ranging from 20.3 to 76.0% (mean 58.1 ±3.0%) according to heat treatment. Intestinal digestibility of un-degraded protein varied from 54.5 ±1.4% in raw soybean to 95.2 ±1.0% in corn gluten feed. This study showed that the digestibility factor of crude protein and intestinal digestibility methods for protein feeds can be used in models to optimize the protein nutrition of dairy cows.

The aim of the study was to compare the keel bone profile of hens reared in cage and cage-free rearing systems. Experiments were carried out on a poultry farm on two alternative rearing systems and on one cage hall and measurements were carried out in laboratory conditions with Bovans Brown laying hens aged 32 to 47 weeks. The obtained results were evaluated using the statistical program SAS with version 8.2. In the set of 18 keel bone samples that we monitored, the average phosphorus content was measured as 15.19 g.kg-1 with a variation of the measured values of 6.09, an average magnesium content of 0.49 g.kg-1 with a variation of the measured values of 0.15, an average content of calcium 33.76 g.kg-1 with a variation of the measured values of 14.78 and an average value of the ratio between calcium and phosphorus of 2.19 with a variation of the measured values of 0.09. Individual laying hen breeding systems did not have a statistically significant effect (P >0.05) on the content of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and the ratio between calcium and phosphorus in the keel bone of laying hens.

The paper presents results of a microscopic study of the wall of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine and their lymphoid tissue in birds of the blackbird species. The material was selected from 10 adult blackbirds. It was embedded into paraffin according to the conventional method. The results of the study revealed that the general structure of the tunics of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine in the blackbird is similar to other birds, but exhibits certain characteristics. In the mucosa and submucosa of these organs, lymphoid tissue is noted, which is represented by different levels of structural organization. “Lymphocyte tracks” in the form of small diffuse lymphoid tissue cords are observed in the esophagus. Small accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue are also found in the muscular stomach. Solitary lymphoid nodules in the glandular stomach were found not only in the mucosa but also in the subserosa of the serosa. The largest accumulations of lymphoid tissue are observed in the esophageal and cecal tonsils and aggregated lymphoid nodules of the intestines, which are areas of significant penetration of antigens into the body of birds. In the places where they are located, infiltration of surface epithelium and crypts by lymphoid cells is observed. The smallest area of these immunocompetent structures is occupied by diffuse lymphoid tissue and much larger – by lymphoid nodules. The results of the research allowed to assess the morphofunctional status of lymphoid formations in the organs of the digestive canal of the blackbird and, accordingly, to determine the state of their immune system.

Sunflower is the second most cultivated oilseed crop in Slovakia. It remains an attractive crop in primary agricultural production because of the many benefits it provides. The study aimed to assess the impact of biological material (Subaro HTS, Sumiko HTS) and products containing bioactive substances (Humix® Universal, Humix Bór, Energen Fulhum Plus and Energen Stimul Plus) on sunflower production in the 2021–2022 growing seasons. A partial aim was to investigate the possible effect of adaptogens on a plant organism, specifically sunflower. The field trials were designed using the perpendicularly split block method with a randomized block complete design on an experimental basis of SAU in Nitra, located in a warm maize production area. The variability of weather conditions was statistically demonstrated on the achieved production parameters. Weather conditions were more favorable in 2022 regarding seed yield 3.25 ±0.31 tons per hectare (t.ha-1) and oil content 47.14 ±0.90%. Evaluation of biological material confirmed that the hybrid Sumiko HTS achieved significantly higher yields of seeds 3.29 ±0.28 t.ha-1 and oil content 46.66 ±1.32% compared to Subaro HTS. The utilization of bioactive substance combinations exhibited significant impact on sunflower production. Specifically, superior values in the examined parameters, such as seed yield 3.30 ±0.26 t.ha-1 and oil content 46.99 ±1.12%, were observed in instances where Energen Fulhum Plus + Energen Stimul Plus preparations, inclusive of adaptogens, were applied during the growth stage BBCH 18.

The allelopathic effects of 54 weed species were studied on oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) in Petri dish and soil bioassays. Weed extracts were prepared at concentrations of 0.25,0.5,1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0% and assayed on seed germination and seedling growth. They showed a species-specific effect when tested in the range of concentrations of 1.0–4.0%. Seed germination was less inhibited in soil than in Petri dish assays. Indexes of allelopathic potential (AP) were separately calculated for germination (APG) and seedling growth (APRG for roots and APSG for shoots). They were in the range of 0.27–0.72 and 0.16–0.70, respectively. The weeds were classified according to their APSG and APRG indexes, and the percentage of appearance frequency (F) in oilseed radish fields, from more to less harmful, as: Amaranthus retroflexus > Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv > Setaria glauca L. > Chenopodium album L. > Brassica napus L. > Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles > Sinapis alba L. > Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) Koch > Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers. > Polygonum lapathifolium (L.) Delarbre > Setaria viridis (L.) Palisot de Beauvois > Barbarea vulgaris Brown > Brassica campestris (L.) Janchen > Lactuca serriola L. > Thlaspi arvense L. > Senecio vernalis (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Alexander > Lepidium draba L.

A study of polymorphism of individual genes of milk proteins (kappa-casein and beta- casein) was carried out on the population of cows of the ukrainian brown dairy breed and the sumy interbreed type of the ukrainian black and white dairy breed. Animals of the ukrainian brown dairy breed prevailed in terms of BB genotypes, both for the kappa-casein and genotypes А2А2 for beta-casein genes. According to the complex genotypes of kappa-casein and beta-casein, a difference was established between the animals of the studied breeds. In animals of the ukrainian brown dairy breed a higher frequency is characteristic of the complex genotype A2A2/BB (0.32), and in cows of the sumy interbreed type of the ukrainian black and white dairy breed – A2A2/AA (0.24) and A1A2/AA (0.24).

The study was the aim to estimate breeding value and heritability for calving score using a threshold model for population from Limousine breed. Data consisted of records of 2,432 calves of Limousine breed from Romanian Breeding Association for beef cattle. The mean for calving score was 1.134 ± 0.007. The breeding values for calving score for calves were between -0.2375 and 0.5354 at the first iteration and at six iterations the breeding values for calving scores for calves ranged between -0.1832 and 0.4880 The heritability for calving score was 0.141 in population of Limousine breed. The threshold model was adequate due to better accounting for total variability for calving score.

The hormonal protocol is used to increase reproductive efficiency in ewes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two intervals of hormonal protocol (progesterone + equine chorionic gonadotropin (P4 + eCG)) for estrus synchronization in Awassi ewes. A total of 110 Awassi ewes were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (short term) (n = 45) used sponges for 7-day. The second group (long term) (n = 65) used sponges for a 14-day. At the time of sponge withdrawl, two doses of eCG injection were administrated intramuscularly (500; n = 54 and 1000 IU; n = 56) for each main group. All ewes were mated with ram following estrous sings. Transabdominal ultrasonography was used for pregnancy diagnosis on 35- and 40-days following mating. Percentage of estrus response, conception rate, fertility rate, prolificacy rate twinning rateand missing rate were calculated for each group. Estrus response, fertility rate, conception rate, and low missed rate was greater in high dose eCG comapred to low dose. Estrus response, fertility rate, conception rate, twinning rate, litter size was greater in high dose and short-term group (100%, 100%, 100%, 19.2, and 0%) comparted to other groups. The estrus response, fertility rate, conception rate, twinning rate, litter size was greater in high dose and short-term group comparted to other groups. In addition to that missed rate was the lowest on high dose and short-term group comparted to other groups. In conclusion, a short-term treatment (7 days) for the induction of estrus can be a good alternative to a traditional longer duration treatment (14 days). Short-term priming has the advantage of allowing more flexibility in the treatment protocol under field conditions.

The main idea of this paper is the evaluation of two new flora of wild plants and Date palm fronds collected from Hafr Al-Batin Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia. Chemical properties of macro- and micro-element contents were analyzed for each natural material including, Date palm fronds (Phoenix dactelifera L.) (DPFs), desert grasses of species (Stipa capensis) (DGs), small desert trees of species (Haloxylon persicum) (DTs). Ligno-cellulosic natural resources were analyzed for their suitability as substrates (organic materials) for mushroom mycelium grows and production of the industrially valuable enzymes. Oyster mushroom able to degrade three tested substrates producing the highest levels of lignin-degrading enzyme laccase 182.05 U/ml, 140.38 U/ml, and 41.75 U/ml using DPFs, DGs and DTs respectively, followed by medium activity of xylanase and cellulase enzymes. On the other hand, Chestnut mushroom showed appreciated amount of laccase activity, 59.23 U/ml, 21.54 U/ml, and 43.51U/ml respectively with three materials, and low xylanase and cellulase enzymes activity.

The purpose of the research is to study the duration of the effective action of various forms of absorbents in the vegetable crop rotation in conditions of unstable moistening of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research on the productivity of vegetable crops under the influence of different forms of absorbents showed varying results on different crops. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase yield from 12.7 t ha-1 in the Badyoryi cultivar to 16.4 t ha-1, and from 9.9 t ha-1in the Rutan cultivar up to 12.5 t ha-1 following the application of the gel in both varieties of basil. Pumpkin productivity also increased under the influence of absorbents. Yield increased by 16.4 % in the Siryi Ukrainskyi cultivar and 14.8 % in the Yuvilei cultivar under the influence of the powder. The yield of leafy vegetables (head lettuce, leaf lettuce and spinach) increased by 8.0–11.9 grown on the background of absorbent in powder form. The increase in productive moisture reserves depending on the form of the absorbent, the year of use and the weather conditions of vegetation when using the powder min.-max. was 7.2–8.1 % in May; 9.8–17.1 % in June; 13.2–15.4 % in July. Conclusions. The absorbent in gel form is highly effective in the first year of use, but subsequently its effectiveness declined dramatically, while the powder was less effective in the first year but became more stable in subsequent years.

Footpad dermatitis is a multifactorial health problem that occurs in chickens that are raised in suboptimal conditions and is mainly influenced by the choice of bedding material, microclimate, gastrointestinal health and stocking density. Aim of the study was to evaluate the current level of occurrence of pododermatitis on poultry farms in Slovakia to identify the assumed factors that most negatively affect the health of footpads. A total of 4219 animals were evaluated on 14 farms, during 41 measurements. We evaluated the influence of different bedding materials (peat, straw pellets and straw) and the season of the year. Footpads were graded to 0-4 and footpad dermatitis score was calculated. 49 % of the measurements were evaluated above footpad dermatitis index of 120 points what is the limit set in several countries of Western Europe. Our analysis shows that even in Slovakia there are farms that meet welfare standards of Western and Northern Europe, but there are also farms where the health of the footpads requires improvement. The effect of the bedding material and the season was significant. The lowest incidence of lesions on footpads was recorded on peat, followed by straw pellets and the highest incidence was on wheat straw. Season of the year also had a statistical effect on the incidence of pododermatitis. The lowest average value was measured in summer and the highest in autumn. The season had the lowest effect on the peat, on which the best measurements were generally taken.

Yogurt is considered a functional food, either in terms of the content of specific nutrients or thanks to its probiotic and other health-promoting properties. The aim of the work was to assess changes in selected anthropometric parameters related to the risk of obesity after six weeks of consumption of full-fat yogurt made from sheep's milk, depending on the pre-intervention visceral fat area (under or over 100 cm2) in twenty female participants. Significant differences were found between the groups in all anthropometric parameters (P <0.05). The group of women with over-limit values ​​of VFA had higher values ​​of all parameters. However, pre-post intervention differences and changes within groups were non-significant (P >0.05). We found that the consumption of full-fat yogurt did not significantly affect the body composition of either consumer with optimal values ​​of visceral fat area or participants with above-limit values ​​of visceral adipose tissue. No worsening of the monitored parameters was confirmed in any of the groups. In this context, we can recommend the consumption of yogurt with a natural fat content and made from sheep's milk for moderate consumption to all types of consumers.

Effective pre-sowing design of crop agrocenoses involves the assessment of possible compensatory mechanisms of plants when changing the nutrition area against the background of corrective fertilization. In order to study such mechanisms and determine the influence of vegetative and reproductive architectonics of plants on the resulting indicators, a five-year cycle of research was conducted on oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.). The studies used a full range of options for pre-sowing design of oilseed radish agrocenoses from maximum thickening (4 million germinating seeds ha-1 for ordinary row sowing sowing, individual plant nutrition area 25 cm2) to maximum thinning (0.5 million germinating seeds ha-1 for wide-row sowing, 200 cm2). To evaluate the effectiveness of the regulating fertilizer, four variants of it were used: N0P0K0, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90. Based on the use of morphological features of the stem, indicators of the structure of individual seed productivity, correlation and regression analysis, the optimal parameters of formation of oilseed radish agrocenosis were determined. It was based on its ability to intensive lateral productive branching of the stem with a decrease in the seeding rate (increase in the area of plant nutrition, change in the method of sowing), taking into account the growth-stimulating effect of mineral fertilizer.

Soil bacteria play a vital part in the biochemical cycles, impacting nutrient availability, ecosystem functioning, and global biogeochemical processes. This abstract explores the significance of soil bacteria in biochemical cycles, focusing on their roles in carbon, nitrogen, sulfur cycle, phosphorus, iron cycle and manganese cycles. Soil bacteria, responsible for fixing nitrogen, nitrify and denitrify also mineralize organic phosphorous into soluble form. These correlations is essential for implementing sustainable soil management techniques and reducing ecological deterioration. These interactions can be disturbed by anthropogenic activity, which calls for more investigation to comprehend their processes along with responses to environmental changes. Overall, soil bacteria are essential regulators of biochemical cycles, and maintaining environmental balance. Understanding the intricate interactions between soil bacteria and biochemical cycles is crucial for effective soil management, ecosystem conservation, and sustainable development practices. The aim of the paper is to identify and characterize the bacterial communities involved in these cycles and to determine their contributions to soil health and plant growth. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of soil samples from various ecosystems, using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomic approaches were employed to identify bacterial taxa and their functional genes related to biochemical cycles. We found that certain bacterial taxa, such as Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus, play pivotal roles in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. Our data indicated that microbial diversity and activity are closely linked to soil organic matter. These findings can inform sustainable land management practices and enhance our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of environmental changes on soil ecosystems.

The potential ethnomedicinal plants are considered of great importance in the present day mainly due to the shortcomings of the drugs against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), or, in other words, the ability for cells to mutate with respect to the changing environment. The present study demonstrates the ethnobotanical values of the wild tuberous plant, Dioscorea hispida, which is used as medicinal food in Asia and Africa and further performs scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal values claimed by the locals of India and Nigeria, through phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. A survey elucidated certain foods and therapeutic uses of the tubers of D. hispida. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugar, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and saponins. Subsequent examination of the antibacterial activity of D. hispida's tuber extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria revealed that the acetone tuber extract had the largest zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans followed by the methanol tuber extract against Vibrio cholerae, the methanol tuber extract against Shigella flexneri, the aqueous tuber extract against S. flexneri. This scientific confirmation may aid in the identification of possible antibacterial compounds, the confirmation of nutraceutical potential, and the promotion of value additions associated with the consumption of such tuberous plants in Asia and Africa.

In stressful situations, maintaining ionome homeostasis in the intracellular space is a key prerequisite for cell survival. This study investigates the role of ionome alteration due to acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. With the use of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) we have evaluated changes in the intracellular concentration of eight mineral elements (calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, copper). In this study, the deleterious effect of acrylamide (1 and 10 mM) on the uptake and utilization of mineral elements and the disruption of ionome homeostasis has been revealed. We confirmed that the toxicity of acrylamide (mainly 10 mM concentration) for cells and their biological activity is associated with oxidative stress due to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The addition of acrylamide into cultivation media in a final concentration of 10 mM led to 72.3% increase in total ROS production. At the same time, this resulted in statistically significant changes in the ionome, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of monovalent ions K+ and Na+, divalent ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and trivalent Fe3+. These findings shed light on the complexity of the acrylamide-induced metabolic disorders that lead to the imbalance of ion homeostasis.

Diarrhea is a common problem on dairy farms, which in turn leads to reduced development of dairy calves. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of colostrum period quality on the health status and development of dairy calves during the first fifteen days of life. The study was carried out under the conditions of 1. zemědělská a. s. Chorušice. 30 calves were included in the study. After birth, female Holstein cattle were randomly divided into three groups with different feeding management practices. During the entire monitoring period, zootechnical parameters were recorded and health status was evaluated. Twelve samples of different colostrum were taken. These samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and the presumed causative agents of diarrheal diseases were identified on the farm. The results showed the influence of colostrum period management on calf development. The relationship between microbiology and length of colostrum intake in calves was investigated. With the right approach to the colostrum period, we can raise healthy and prosperous calves.

Hormones and fatty acids play a crucial role in enhancing the yield and quality of in vitro produced embryos. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of leptin and linoleic acid in increasing the in vitro maturation rate of ovine oocytes and the resulting competence of embryos. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment aimed to investigate the nuclear status of oocytes at three maturation intervals (9, 21, and 28 hours), while the second experiment aimed to examine the cleavage rates and quality of the resulting embryos. In both experiments, the oocytes were matured in six maturation treatments, primarily consisting of TCM-199 supplemented with varying concentrations of leptin and linoleic acid. The control group, without any addition, was designated as T0, while increasing concentrations of leptin and linoleic acid were added to four treatments: T1 (50 nM.ml-1 and 10 µM, respectively), T2 (75 nM.ml-1 and 100 µM, respectively), T3 (100 nM.ml-1 and 200 µM, respectively), and T4 (150 nM.ml-1 and 1,000 µM, respectively). In the last treatment (T5), only 15% fetal calf serum was added. In comparison with the control (T0) and T5 treatments, matured oocytes in the T3 treatment achieved the highest rates of M-II (88.46% at 28 hours; p <0.001), cleavage (81.27%; p = 0.001), 2–8 cells (22.55%; p = 0.001), morula (11.27%; p = 0.04), blastocyst (66.18%; p = 0.001), and Type I embryo (47.55%; p = 0.02). In conclusion, the maturation of sheep oocytes in a combination of leptin (100 nM.ml-1) and linoleic acid (200 µM) through TCM-199 resulted in the highest rates of maturation and embryonic cleavage of excellent quality.

Penetration of microorganisms is likely to be affected by microbial contamination. The aim of this study was to compare bacterial contamination of eggshell in deep litter, enriched cages and ordinary aviaries. It was investigated how the housing system affected the eggshell‘s early bacterial infection. There were eight extended experiments conducted. Periodically, the total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria, and Salmonella spp. were used to measure the level of bacterial contamination in eggshells found in aviaries, deep litter, and enriched cages. We log-transformed the results. Compared to enriched cage systems, the total number of bacteria contaminating eggs from the deep litter was higher. After 21 days, the second instance of microbial contamination was examined. Day 0 of every experiment showed the highest overall count of bacteria. Microbial species were identified using MALDI TOF MS Biotyper mass spectrometry. The two most isolated species across all housing systems were Ralstonia pikettii and Staphylococcus equorum.

An experiment was designed to examine the effect of sage leaves (Salvia officinalis. L.) use in hens’ diet on laying productivity, egg morphological and sensor properties, serum biochemistry, and egg chemical composition. A total of 90 hens from the Bulgarian synthetic population LB at the age of 40 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: S0 (without dried and milled leaves of S. officinalis L supplementation) and S25, and S50 experimental groups (diets supplemented with dried and milled leaves of S. officinalis L. at 0.25% and 0.50% respectively). The sage use in the daily dose of 0.50% led to a significant increase in hens’ body weight (P <0.05); laying intensity (P <0.05); Haugh Units (P <0.01); albumen index (P <0.01) and egg yolk color (P <0.001). The addition of 0.25% S. officinalis significantly decreased the total cholesterol level in the blood serum (P <0.05) but significantly increased the content of protein (P <0.001); fat (P <0.05), and ash (P <0.01; P <0.05) in eggs. The supplementation of the tested product does not aggravate the eggs’ sensor properties.