Všechny tituly 401 výsledků

For protection of diverse genetic resources of local landraces and to get the benefit for next generation, research works should be continuing through screening of local landraces by using with local germplasm; which will be very useful to conserve the genetic variability and will provide to economic profits to the farmers by improving their uses. In the context, One hundred twenty-five maize landraces with two commercial maize hybrids (‘Kalumet’ and ‘Katone’) were evaluated for yield and agro-morphological performance for genetic improvement of future maize varieties. The landraces were collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey and were evaluated under the augmented complete design under Diyarbakir agro-ecological conditions during 2015. After observation, it was observed that all genotypes showed a significant variations for all traits especially for yield and yield attributes. Considering the overall performance of all landraces, the days to tasseling and silking were varied from 39.5 to 64.5 and from 49.5 to 70.5 days; while the SPAD meter were varied from 37.8 to 70 unit, the plant height from 165 to 315.5 cm, the ear height from 55.8 to 190 cm, the stalk thickness from 11.3-26 mm, the ear length from 6.21 to 25.38, the ear diameter 14.13 to 48.92 mm, the rows ear-1 from 2.33 to16.3, seed srow-1, the ear weight from 10.2 to 285.26g, the rachis diameter from 11.58 to 39.51mmand the grain yield from 63.68 to 1498.13 kg ha-1. Where, the range of landraces for all traits were varied huge and exceeded commercial check genotypes. Therefore, it was determined that the genotypic distinction of the landraces may be used as pre-breeding material for developing the suitable maize varieties for sustainable maize production in diverse agro-ecological conditions of Mediterranean region including Turkey.

During 2014, water temperature of the Bocegaj brook and the Kolíňany pond and its impact on fish life were monitored. Water sampling was carried out at regular monthly intervals, in the period from January to October, from six sampling points. The four sampling points were located directly on the water surface of the pond, the last place being the outlet from the pond. In this time horizon, all four seasons alternated, which was also reflected in the change of the water temperatures. Depending on the time of sample collection, the lowest average values for the entire monitored period were recorded in the winter (January, February) and the highest in the summer months (June, July, August). The maximum values of water temperature depending on the sampling point during the monitored period were found in the open water area of the pond.

This research investigates the effects of industrial fertilisers and the incorporation of plant biomass, including catch crops, on the yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) within a crop rotation system. The field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (48°19ˊ N, 18°09ˊ E). The study period was characterized by warm to exceptionally warm and predominantly dry conditions, except for 2019, which aligned more closely with the long-term average. The experimental treatments, combining the ploughing of above-ground biomass and the application of industrial fertilisers, resulted in the highest yield component values. Notably, the number of grains per cob reached 36, and the number of grains per hectare was 27.49 million. Total seed weight (TSW) was also significantly influenced by fertilisation, with the highest TSW values ranging from 220.1 g to 225.9 g, compared to the unfertilised treatment values of 194.4 g to 207.3 g. The highest maize grain yields, ranging from 5.76 t ha⁻¹ to 6.2 t ha⁻¹, and above-ground biomass production, ranging from 12.45 t ha⁻¹ to 12.60 t ha⁻¹, were achieved in treatments incorporating both industrial fertilisers and the ploughing of biomass from forecrops or catch crops. These results underscore the importance of fertilisation, organic matter incorporation, and a balanced combination of adaptive measures in enhancing maize productivity.

The present study deals with examining the response of maize to osmotic stress condition. In the experiment, two investigated plants which are maize were chosen to be tested in the controllable environment. One plant was controlled to be in well water condition, whereas another one was treated by PEG-6000 for being encountered the osmotic stress condition throughout the experimental period. The main measuring technique used to monitor the tested plants in the experiment consisted of acoustic emission techniques. The experimental results indicated that the distinct reactions between a control plant and an influenced plant according to osmotic stress condition could be differentiated by acoustic emission method.

Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop or graviola, is a tropical evergreen tree belonging to the Annonaceae family, widely recognized for its diverse medicinal and nutritional properties. This plant is native to Central and South America but is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It thrives in warm, humid climates, requiring well-drained soils with moderate rainfall to grow optimally. The tree produces large, green, spiny fruits with soft white pulp, which are widely consumed as fresh fruit or used in beverages, desserts, and traditional cuisines due to their unique flavour and nutritional benefits. Traditionally, A. muricata has been utilized in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, and much more. Nearly every part of the plant (leaves, bark, roots, fruit) contains bioactive compounds such as acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. In vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted its pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, etc. However, recent research has raised concerns about the potential neurotoxic effects of certain compounds in A. muricata, particularly annonacin, which has been associated with neurodegenerative conditions in high doses. While the plant holds promise for therapeutic applications, further research is needed to clarify its mechanisms of action, evaluate its safety profile, and determine appropriate dosage levels to balance efficacy and toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of A. muricata, including its botanical description, growing environment, traditional and food uses, pharmacological studies, and considerations regarding potential neurotoxicity.

The research was carried out on consumers aged 20 to 30 years. The survey was conducted among the young population, on a sample of 200 respondents; male (M, n = 100) and female (F, n = 100). Respondents were asked to answer three sets of questions: a) egg quality indicators; b) which are the benefits of consuming eggs compared to other animal products; and c) which are the disadvantages of consuming eggs. A Likert scale (min = 1, max = 5) was used to evaluate the responses on the factors that influence egg consumption. The respondents (M 4.50 : F 4.11; P < 0.01) gave the highest score to the factor of health safety (shell cleanliness and product safety). Female respondents prefer longer shelf life of eggs (M 3.18 : F 3.59; P < 0.01) and their versatile use (M 4.0 7: F 4.29; P < 0.01) compared to male respondents. As one of the disadvantages of egg use, the respondents mention the possibility of damage in transport (M 2.97 : F 3.31; P < 0.01). Female respondents favour the health safety of eggs (M 4.11 : F 4.50; P < 0.01). The disadvantages of egg consumption such as the possibility of infection (M 3.60 : F 3.42), fat and cholesterol intake (M 2.86 : F 2.93) and dislike for eggs (M 2.22 : F 2.12) were not considered to be limiting factors by the respondents and sex differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Interval estimation of the mean values μ in male and female populations was made. The research indicates the attributes that consumers value when choosing and buying products, which can serve as a future guide for egg producers.

To maintain adequate dairy productivity in sheep, it is important to focus on establishing appropriate husbandry conditions. Currently, breeders are increasingly confronted with extreme weather fluctuations during the grazing season, which significantly impact pasture quality and the milk produced. Therefore, it is crucial to seek suitable breeding systems with breed representation tailored to various climatic and geographical conditions in order to exploit their productive potential fully. This study compares the dairy productivity and milk quality of three sheep farms in the vicinity of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, which employ different farming systems and feature different breed compositions under changing climatic conditions with increased heat stress during the summer months. Farm 1, located at 1,200 m above sea level (ASL), follows an extensive grazing system with 350 Tsigai ewes. Farm 2, situated at 500 m ASL, houses 456 Lacaune ewes in a semi-intensive system. Farm 3, at 400 m ASL, manages 470 mixed dairy and combined-breed ewes under a semi-extensive system. The results indicate that Farm 2, employing a semi-intensive system, recorded the highest milk yield (246.7 kg·ewe-1); however, it also exhibited the most pronounced decline in the lactation curve, with lower average milk production and qualitative parameters (fat, not fat solids) for the Lacaune breed during the warm months (June – August) compared to Farms 1 and 3, which focus on raising combined breeds. In conclusion, the most suitable breeding method for the climatic and geographical conditions of the observed region appears to be a semi-extensive system with combined sheep breeds, as the variability in dairy productivity parameters during the hottest months with reduced pasture quality is not as marked as it is in specialized dairy breeds.

This paper aims to provide an overview of the suckler beef cow production system in Slovakia and its implications for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and ammonia. The study collected data from 24 farms with a total of 3,745 sucker cows in 2021, representing a variety of breeding practices and breeds used for production of weaned calves. The results shown that the farms breeding Charolaise had the lowest proportion (0.61, n=8) of permanent grassland from all land managed in contrast to Pinzgau (0.73, n=2) or Limousine (0.76, n=9) in this database. Preference of winter calving season prevailed representing 38 % of all cows (12 farms, 1415 cows) which had achieved calving rate 0.82 ± 0.13 of calf per cow and calving interval 420±35 days. In the contrast, farms that were not specific about preferred calving season reached rate 0.73±0.14 of calf per cow and calving interval 407±26 days. Mean average daily gain was 0.978 ± 0.23 g day-1 and age at weaning 188±48 days. Emission factors were 15.15 ± 3.7, 109.7± 9.3 and 0.800±0.07 kg of ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide for cow per year. Present study helps to identify information gaps on various factors such as forage quality, grazing practices, feed rations, and reproductive stage. Data on these variables even from a relatively small number of farms would provide opportunities to overcome the challenges to evaluate on-farm GHG mitigations and their trade-offs.

The present study assessed the effects of two initial stocking densities (low – LD, 4.23 kg m-3, moderate – MD, 8.05 kg m-3) on growth, health and fillet quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and on yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and radicchio (Cichorium intybus group Rubifolium) produced in a low-tech recirculating aquaponic system. A total of 104 largemouth bass (initial body weight: 236 ± 38 g) were randomly stocked in eight 500 L tanks (four per stocking density) and monitored during a 70-day period. Vegetables yield was similar in LD and MD groups. Lettuce yield (6.33 kg m-2) was in line with typical values, whereas radicchio showed a negligible yield (1.34 kg m-2). Likewise, fish final weight (263 g, on average), specific growth rate (0.17% d-1), feed conversion ratio (2.72), and mortality (4.8%) did not differ between treatments. Fish morphometric indices, slaughter results and fillet quality were not affected by stocking density. In conclusion, the production of lettuce was successful in the tested system, whereas the production of radicchio did not achieve satisfactory results. Growth performances of the largemouth bass were poor and further investigations are required to optimize the rearing of this fish species in low-tech aquaponic systems.

The aim of the present study was to compare the fatty acid composition of dry fermented sausage made from Crna slavonska pig and modern hybrids reared in diverse production systems. The study was performed on Baranjski kulen, a traditional PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) labelled sausage. Baranjski kulen produced from pigs included in the study differed in their fatty acid profile, with kulen made from Crna slavonska pigs having a higher content of MUFA, lower content of PUFA and a more favourable PUFA/SFA ratio. The results of the present study demonstrate that meat originating from breeds raised in specific production system affects the fatty acid composition as one of the major determinants of nutritional product quality.

The objective of the present study was to determine the fatty acid profile of grape pomace, grape stem and grape bunch of three different cultivars of Vitis vinifera sp. (Green Veltliner, Pinot Blanc and Zweigelt) from two countries as a possible sources for animal nutrition. Fatty acid profile analysis was performed using the Agilent 6890 A GC machine. Significant differences (P <0.05) in fatty acid content of analyzed samples were detected between the countries, as well as between the cultivars within countries. Grape pomaces and grape bunches were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (70.91–71.86%), represented mainly by linoleic acid (69.79–70.32%), and low in saturated fatty acids (12.42–12.96%). Grape stems were characterized by a high saturated fatty acids content (24.46–30.85%), but on the other hand, these samples had the highest α-linolec acid concentration (9.98–14.52%). Oleic acid (12.24–15.17%) was the most abundant from monounsaturated fatty acids (12.69–15.33%) in all the analyzed samples. These results indicate a strong impact of the grape variety and location on the fatty acid profile of grape by-products and their potential to be evaluated as feed additives with high polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration in animal nutrition.

The aim of this study was to determine the fat content and fatty acid profile of 5 commercial dry granulated dog foods purchased in Slovakia and to compare the analyzed content with the minimum requirements for fat and fatty acid content according to FEDIAF (2021), and also to compare the fat content with the manufacturer‘s declared fat content on the packaging. The samples were analyzed in the Laboratory of Quality and Nutritional Value of Feeds, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, according to standard laboratory procedures and techniques. The results confirmed that four out of the five puppy compound feeds tested, met the requirements for fatty acid content according to FEDIAF (2021). All samples met the requirements for a minimum fat content of 85.00 g.kg-1 DM, a minimum linoleic acid content of 13.00 g.kg-1 DM, a minimum arachidonic acid content of 0.30 g.kg-1 DM, and an α-linolenic acid content of 0.80 g.kg-1 DM. Four samples met the minimum EPA + DHA content requirement, while sample E did not meet the minimum limit (0.50 g.kg-1 DM). When comparing the declared fat content on the packaging and the determined total fat content of the tested foods, we found a lower fat content of 0.23% for sample B and 4.78% for sample C.

Purpose of theretrospective, present study was to determine whether fecal microbiota transplantation (fMt) from well known, otherwise healthy lean donor dogs could be capable of substituting disease condition from disease to health status, reverting to factory settings and further might improve thelife quality of dogs with several different diseases. Taking into account study design, setting and enrollment (along with accompanying archive data) this clinical trial was conducted between 2011 to 2024 among 1,885 diseased dogs with several different system involvement were treated with fMt at median number of 2 to 6 occasions. To those of solely eligible dogs (with witten owner consent, triage position, without systemic inflammatory respond syndrome orother hazardous condition) were recruited for thestudy. Data were analyzed from March 2011 to June 2024. All fMt interventions from each lean donor (heterologous) were administered either by gastroduodenoscopy (n = 112 into theduodenum) orby rectal enema (n = 1,773 into thecolon). Available cure rates ranged from 41.42% to 93.61% regarding entire enrolled dogs. Forest plot denoted an overall response rate of 76%. Highest cure rates (nearly 94%) were deemed available for gastroentero-dermatological disorders to those of satisfactory clinical recovery for each cases enrolled. Lowest cure rates were observed for endocrinological and cardiovascular disease conditions exhibiting 41 and 47%, respectively. Available results were establishing futuremeta-analysis source inwhich data is lacking. This study should highlighten theefficacy and possible treatment switching modalities to those ofuncurable diseases.

Investigation of the effect of autumn nitrogen dose, in comparison to nitrogen fertilization without autumn dose, on rapeseed yield, oil content and oil production was the main aim of the experiment. The plot scale experiment was conducted during three experimental years 2013 – 2016 in terms of agricultural cooperative in Mojmírovce. The experiment consisted of three treatments of nitrogen fertilization. The block method of experimental plot size of 600 m2 was used in this experiment. It was tested in triplicate. The total dose of nitrogen was 240 kg ha-1. Both treatments were fertilized during spring in phonological growth stages BBCH 20, 30 and 51. There was applied autumn nitrogen dose in BBCH 15 at treatment 2. Considering the weather conditions of the previous year, a significant effect of autumn nitrogen dose was not expected in this experiment. Results were predictably, significantly influenced by different weather conditions. The experimental year 2013/2014 was wetter and warmer than the other two experimental years. The highest average yield of seed, 3.63 t ha-1 was reached at treatment 3 without any autumn nitrogen application. The average oil content fluctuated from 44.36 % to 45.09 %. The highest average oil content 46.72 % was observed in weather more favourable the experimental year 2013/2014. Although the highest average oil production of treatment 3 reached 1625.04 kg ha-1, the difference in oil production between treatments with and without an autumn dose of nitrogen was not statistically significant, similarly as yield. The highest average oil production was statistically significant in the experimental year 2013/2014.

Lipizzan horse breed was founded in 1580 in Lipica and introduced to Croatia in 1800 by earl Andrija Jankovich- Bésán. Earl Jankovich founded stallion bloodline Tulip and mare families Czirka, Ercel, Traviata, Margit, Manczi and 502 Moszgo Perla. Herd books showed that South African Lipizzan population is based on Czirka and Ercel mare families that are originally Croatian thus provided potential genetic enrichment of Croatian Lipizzan gene pool. In this study a 648 bp mitochondrial DNA fragment from 50 South African Republic Lipizzan horses was analysed and 249 sequences from Čačić doctoral thesis was retrieved. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of South African Lipizzan horses and their comparison with Croatian Lipizzan horses present that South African Lipizzan horses have five unique haplotypes but still maintain connection with Croatian Lipizzan by sharing a haplotype. Future analysis with high throughput genetic marker such as SNP or WGS will surely provide interesting results.

The first results on the impact of hen grazing on ground cover composition and biodiversity of two hazelnut orchards (sites A and B) in the southern Italy are presented. The selected sites were characterized by different size and environmental conditions that were, respectively for A and B: area, 4 and 5 ha; altitude, 525 and 660 m a.s.l.; annual mean temperature, +12°C and +13°C; annual precipitation: 730 and 780 mm. Besides, ground covers of the sites were different for plant species presence and distribution. In each site three 120 m2 areas were considered, each of which was provided with a mobile coop (5 hens/m2) to house during the night ten 25-week-old commercial egg-laying chickens. The trial started the first decade of May 2019. The use of hen grazing affected quantitatively and qualitatively the herbaceous stratum of the study sites, as the number of taxa composing the ground cover decreased in both sites, whereas the relative frequencies varied (increased or decreased) according to the taxon. By computing different indices of alpha diversity, we observed significant differences in species richness and diversity after hen grazing only in one site. However, the value of the qualitative Sørensen index showed a high overlap in the assemblage of ground cover before and after hen grazing in both sites. By comparing the sites, we found that, at the beginning of the trial, the ground cover of one site was richer and more diverse compared to the other site; however, the reverse situation occurred after hen grazing. Overall, our results indicate that integrating fruit trees with poultry may play a positive role in an agroforestry context, mainly in terms of control of vegetation growth.

In order to investigate forage yield and quality of vetch-triticale and pea-triticale intercrops, two years study was carried out at two locations under rainfed Moroccan conditions, considering three seeding ratios (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). Results showed that intercrops yielded 46 and 52% higher than vetch and pea monocrops, while they produced 16 and 24% lower than sole triticale. Vetch-triticale intercrops out-yielded pea-triticale mixture by 11% in both locations. Within legume-triticale intercrops, forage yield increase when vetch and pea represented 25 and 50% of seeding ratios; and decreased when the legume ratio increased to 75%. The relative yield of individual species and mixtures increased when legume ratio increased at sowing. Vetch-triticale intercrops had conflictual relationships at SEA, while pea-triticale intercrops at 50 and 75% of legume ratios, developed beneficial relations at both locations. Furthermore, intercrops affected positively forage quality at higher legumes ratios. Protein yield from vetch-triticale mixtures was significantly higher than that of pea-triticale intercrops. It was increased by 43 and 12% respectively compared to sole triticale. NDF ADF and ADL decreased when legumes proportions increased in the harvested forage. Similar trend was noticed for digestibility, dry matter intake (DMI), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV). All of these quality parameters were improved when legume ratios were beyond 25%.

Developments in sequencing and SNP chip technologies have enabled scientists to obtain high-density genomic data from different livestock species, including cattle. Moreover, many bioinformatics tools are available to analyse high-density genomic data. Via these tools, several statistical approaches such as Principal Component Analysis and clusterin-based analyses could be conducted to reveal the genetic structure of cattle populations. However, revealing the genetic structure and selection signatures of Turkish cattle breeds is a new area of research, since the previous studies are limited with a few microsatellite data. On the other hand, rearing in different geographical and environmental conditions for a long period could possibly lead to more genetic variation in native Turkish cattle breeds compared to high-yielding culture breeds. These variations obviously cannot be detected by limited number of microsatellite markers, while Next Generation Sequencing is promising for further population structure studies. Hence this review aims to summarise previous studies and give a perspective of Next Generation Sequencing possibilities to reveal the population structure of Turkish cattle for further studies.

This paper aims to study the growth and development of garden pea plants when liming the soil, applying mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with inoculants, micronutrients and foliar nutrition. Plants survival was higher in the trial variant when applying lime (1.0 norm of lime per ha), mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobophyte and microfertilizer Wuxal Extra CoMo, foliar nutrition with microfertilizers Wuxal Microplant at the microstage ВВСН 12-13 and Wuxal Calcium, Boron at the microstage ВВСН 51-59 – 92.0% and 92.1% in Skinado and Somerwood garden pea varieties. In the same variant, maximum values of the use of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were observed in Skinado variety – 1.38 and Somerwood variety – 1.89%. This was 0.47 and 0.57% higher compared to the control. The longest period of symbiosis, both general and active, was 35.3 and 37.1, 25.4 and 26.7 days. This was 2.2, 4.6, and 1.6 days more compared to the control where liming was applied. The highest rates of symbiotic and active potentials were observed in Skinado and Somerwood varieties and amounted to 14.0 and 15.4, 7.8 and 8.6 thousand kg per day/ha, and the amount of symbiotically fixed nitrogen (SNF) was 148.2 kg/ha in Skinado and 172 kg/ha in Somerwood variety. Pea yield was 9.36 t/ha in Skinado and 11.09 t/ha in Somerwood varieties. This was 2.15 and 2.14 t/ha more compared to the control. Green pea output was 46.4% in Skinado and 50.3% in Somerwood varieties. This was higher compared to the control by 4.4 and 3.0%, respectively.

This review aims to highlight the importance of genetic evaluation of health traits. In the past, cattle breeding primarily focused on milk production traits, but nowadays, there is a shift towards considering health traits and longevity. Cows are mainly affected by four diseases: mastitis, claw diseases, metabolic diseases, and reproductive diseases. These ailments negatively impact milk production, impair reproduction, and incur high treatment costs. In 2012, the ICAR implemented guidelines for the genetic improvement of health traits, establishing a system for recording diseases and their key indicators. This system includes a comprehensive key (>900 diagnoses), a reduced key (60 to 100 diagnoses), and a simple key (10 diagnoses). Genetic evaluation of health traits started in the mid-70s in Nordic countries. Previously, Czechoslovakia had a system for evaluating and classifying the overall health of breeding cows and bulls. In Slovakia, genetic evaluations for milk production traits, somatic cell score, calving ease, and longevity are performed. However, these traits are not included in the selection index along with health traits, for which genetic evaluations are not made. Two selection indexes are currently used: the Slovak Holstein Index, which takes into account milk production traits and type traits at 60% and 40% respectively, and the Slovak Production Index, which takes into account milk production in kilograms, fat production in kilograms, and protein production in kilograms.