„yield“ 84 výsledků

Bacterial green wilt (BGW) disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium, is a devastating bacterial disease of tomatoes occurring in tropical zones, resulting in substantial yield losses in production fields. Biological control agents (BCAs), particularly plant endophytes such as bacteria, are becoming increasingly popular in microbial technology for cropping systems. In this study, we assessed the potential of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants to suppress the BGW caused by R. solanacearum in tomato plants. The research study revealed that out of the 9 endophytic strains isolated, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TO3 demonstrated a strong antagonistic ability towards R. solanacearum, with the zone of inhibition approximately 16.58 ±0.19 mm. This strain also produced cell wall-degrading enzymes (amylase, protease, and cellulase), and indole acetic acid (IAA). In addition, the greenhouse experiments showed that applying strain TO3 before the infection of R. solanacearum led to a high protective effect against the BGW and a significant increase in plant height compared to the non-inoculated ones. In field conditions, inoculating tomato seedlings with strain TO3 resulted in a disease reduction of over 55% against the BGW compared to the nontreated control. Moreover, treatment with strain TO3 increased the yield of tomato fruits by up to 47.93% compared to nontreated control plants. These findings indicate the potential use of B. amyloliquefaciens TO3 in preventing the BGW disease caused by R. solanacearum on tomato plants.

Agricultural land is important for the biodiversity of small mammals, their modifications in the spatial structure also indicates the quality of the agroecosystem. Different methods of land management (organic and conventional) affects their heterogeneity, which also affects crop yield. The goal of our research was to determine changes in the spatial structure of small mammals under conditions of organic and conventional farming. Crops grown in organic farming were Pisum sativum, Triticum spelta, Clover grass mix and Zea mays, Triticum aestivum and Brassica napus in conventional farming. Between the years 2019 and 2023, with the help of pitfall traps, they recorded a total of 195 individuals and 6 species (Apodemus sylvaticus, Micromys minutus, Microtus arvalis, Crocidura leucodon, Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus). We confirmed 6 species and 95 small mammal individuals in organic farming; 5 species and 100 small mammal individuals in conventional farming. Multivariate analysis (PCA) confirmed the preference of small mammals for organic farming crops. A significant influence of temperature and moisture on the spatial dispersion of small mammals was found using redundancy analysis (RDA). One more species in each type of management was predicted using the rarefaction curves. From the results of our research, we can say that small mammals preferred the conditions of organic farming, which points to better topical and tropical conditions for them in this type of farming.

Based on the research results obtained by the authors and other researchers, the importance and necessity of increasing the production of leguminous crops as an important source of food for the population of our planet are substantiated. It is proved that the varieties of these crops created in our country as well as the soil and climatic features allow us to expand their acreage significantly, which will positively affect the entire agricultural complex. The methodology adopted for this research comprises field and laboratory procedures used in breeding legume crops. The genotypes of the world collection of soybean, pea, chickpea and lentil were tested for yield, drought resistance, protein content and seed quality. The paper provides a description of the varieties of soybean, pea and chickpea created in the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute, the world gene pool of these crops is characterized, which is most adapted to the steppe conditions of Ukraine. The most common methods of processing commodity seeds into food ingredients characterized by high therapeutic and prophylactic properties are described. The results can be applied in further breeding work with leguminous crops which should be aimed at developing the complex of adaptive traits and improving the chemical composition of seeds. In this paper we demonstrated the significant potential of legumes for solution of the future sustainable nutrition problems.

To maintain adequate dairy productivity in sheep, it is important to focus on establishing appropriate husbandry conditions. Currently, breeders are increasingly confronted with extreme weather fluctuations during the grazing season, which significantly impact pasture quality and the milk produced. Therefore, it is crucial to seek suitable breeding systems with breed representation tailored to various climatic and geographical conditions in order to exploit their productive potential fully. This study compares the dairy productivity and milk quality of three sheep farms in the vicinity of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, which employ different farming systems and feature different breed compositions under changing climatic conditions with increased heat stress during the summer months. Farm 1, located at 1,200 m above sea level (ASL), follows an extensive grazing system with 350 Tsigai ewes. Farm 2, situated at 500 m ASL, houses 456 Lacaune ewes in a semi-intensive system. Farm 3, at 400 m ASL, manages 470 mixed dairy and combined-breed ewes under a semi-extensive system. The results indicate that Farm 2, employing a semi-intensive system, recorded the highest milk yield (246.7 kg·ewe-1); however, it also exhibited the most pronounced decline in the lactation curve, with lower average milk production and qualitative parameters (fat, not fat solids) for the Lacaune breed during the warm months (June – August) compared to Farms 1 and 3, which focus on raising combined breeds. In conclusion, the most suitable breeding method for the climatic and geographical conditions of the observed region appears to be a semi-extensive system with combined sheep breeds, as the variability in dairy productivity parameters during the hottest months with reduced pasture quality is not as marked as it is in specialized dairy breeds.