„quality“ 79 výsledků

The objective of this study was to assess egg quality parameters for the whole laying period depending on oviposition time and breed of Czech and Slovak native breeds of laying hens. Besides, to determine the differences between selected breeds in laying pattern, related to the oviposition place. Furthermore, biochemical blood parameters were measured at the end of the study. A total of 60 pullets at the age of 20 weeks were divided according to the breed. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications of 10 laying hens. The eggs were collected every day, at 6:00, 10:00 and 14:00 and the amount of eggs was recorded for each oviposition time interval (from 14:00 to 5:59, from 6:00 to 9:59 and from 10:00 to 13:59). Moreover, the oviposition place (inside and outside the nest) and the amount of eggs in particular place were recorded. In addition, blood samples were collected. Significantly heavier eggs were laid between 10:00 and 13:59 than between 6:00 and 9:59 h (52.44 vs. 51.39 g, resp.). Haugh units were highest in eggs from Czech golden spotted hens that were laid between 6:00 and 9:59 h and in eggs from Oravka hens that were laid between 6:00 and 9:59 h and between 10:00 and 13:59 h. Significantly lower content of yolk cholesterol was found in Czech golden spotted hens compared to Oravka hens (10.64 vs. 11.22 mg/g, resp.). The Czech golden spotted hens had significantly higher level of glucose in blood serum than Oravka hens (16.47 vs. 14.03 mmol/l, resp.). The Czech golden spotted hens, gene reserve of the Czech Republic, are not yet sufficiently described in scientific literature, which highlights the importance of this study.

The present investigation was carried out to study the influence of planting date and field management practices on bulb quality and post-harvest losses of onions in storage at Agriculture Research Farm of Kabul University. Different traits including fresh bulb weight, total soluble solids, firmness, rooting, sprouting, spoilage and marketable bulbs were studied in these trials. The data were statistically analysed with R software. The planting dates had significant effect on fresh bulb weight, sprouting, spoilage and marketable bulbs of onions. After 120 days of storage the greatest fresh bulb weight (111.64 g), marketable bulbs (77.52 %) and the lowest sprouting (10.56 %) and spoilage (11.92 %) were recorded for the first planting date (10th May). Similarly, the lowest loss in total soluble solids was also observed under the first planting date. Field management practices did not have significant effect on bulb quality and post-harvest losses of onions. While delayed planting can significantly reduce onion bulb quality and increase sprouting and spoilage, early planting dates were more appropriate to reduce post-harvest losses.

In a vegetation pot experiment we explored the effect of fertilizers with potassium (KCl; 0.9 g K2O/6 kg of soil) and magnesium (ESTA Kieserite; 0.3 g MgO/6 kg of soil) applied together or separately to poppy on soil with good K and Mg supply on the seed yield, oil content and cadmium in the seed. Seed yields increased significantly after the application of KCl and ESTA Kieserite, respectively by 23.89% and 21.68%, as compared to the unfertilized control. Combined application of both fertilizers stimulated the yields significantly, i.e. by 15.26%. The seed oil content showed no significant changes among the treatments and ranged only between 42.1 and 43.6%. The pot production of oil in the fertilized treatments increased to 2.21-2.44 g/pot compared to 1.92 g/pot in the unfertilized control. The Cd content in seeds was very low, there were no differences among the treatments and it ranged only between 0.204 and 0.214 mg/kg fresh matter - FM (threshold level of 1.20 mg/kg wet weight). Therefore, the application of both KCl and ESTA Kieserite fertilizers can be recommended on soils well supplied with both nutrients.

This paper aims to study the growth and development of garden pea plants when liming the soil, applying mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with inoculants, micronutrients and foliar nutrition. Plants survival was higher in the trial variant when applying lime (1.0 norm of lime per ha), mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobophyte and microfertilizer Wuxal Extra CoMo, foliar nutrition with microfertilizers Wuxal Microplant at the microstage ВВСН 12-13 and Wuxal Calcium, Boron at the microstage ВВСН 51-59 – 92.0% and 92.1% in Skinado and Somerwood garden pea varieties. In the same variant, maximum values of the use of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were observed in Skinado variety – 1.38 and Somerwood variety – 1.89%. This was 0.47 and 0.57% higher compared to the control. The longest period of symbiosis, both general and active, was 35.3 and 37.1, 25.4 and 26.7 days. This was 2.2, 4.6, and 1.6 days more compared to the control where liming was applied. The highest rates of symbiotic and active potentials were observed in Skinado and Somerwood varieties and amounted to 14.0 and 15.4, 7.8 and 8.6 thousand kg per day/ha, and the amount of symbiotically fixed nitrogen (SNF) was 148.2 kg/ha in Skinado and 172 kg/ha in Somerwood variety. Pea yield was 9.36 t/ha in Skinado and 11.09 t/ha in Somerwood varieties. This was 2.15 and 2.14 t/ha more compared to the control. Green pea output was 46.4% in Skinado and 50.3% in Somerwood varieties. This was higher compared to the control by 4.4 and 3.0%, respectively.

In order to investigate forage yield and quality of vetch-triticale and pea-triticale intercrops, two years study was carried out at two locations under rainfed Moroccan conditions, considering three seeding ratios (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). Results showed that intercrops yielded 46 and 52% higher than vetch and pea monocrops, while they produced 16 and 24% lower than sole triticale. Vetch-triticale intercrops out-yielded pea-triticale mixture by 11% in both locations. Within legume-triticale intercrops, forage yield increase when vetch and pea represented 25 and 50% of seeding ratios; and decreased when the legume ratio increased to 75%. The relative yield of individual species and mixtures increased when legume ratio increased at sowing. Vetch-triticale intercrops had conflictual relationships at SEA, while pea-triticale intercrops at 50 and 75% of legume ratios, developed beneficial relations at both locations. Furthermore, intercrops affected positively forage quality at higher legumes ratios. Protein yield from vetch-triticale mixtures was significantly higher than that of pea-triticale intercrops. It was increased by 43 and 12% respectively compared to sole triticale. NDF ADF and ADL decreased when legumes proportions increased in the harvested forage. Similar trend was noticed for digestibility, dry matter intake (DMI), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV). All of these quality parameters were improved when legume ratios were beyond 25%.

The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the health status reflected in haematological and biochemical traits of the blood, reproductive performance and bone quality of rabbit does on first parturition housed in several housing systems with or without mirrors. The animals were randomly allocated into 6 experimental groups: pens with soil covered by deep litter with the possibility of digging burrows (A), pens with soil covered by deep litter with the possibility of digging burrows enriched with a mirror (B), pens with plastic slatted floor with elevated resting area (C), pens with plastic slatted floor with elevated resting area enriched with a mirror (D), combi-park system (E) and combi-park system enriched with a mirror (F). Litter size after birth and the number of weaned kits was found to be highest in group A, D, E and F compared to other groups. However, the biochemistry analyses showed every investigated trait as significantly affected by housing conditions except the UREA and CHOL, it has to be stated that values of the blood traits were in accordance with the reference values of rabbits. The effect of housing system on tibia and femur characteristics was found to be significant in fracture toughness, where the lowest value of this trait was detected in group E and F compared to other groups in both investigated bones. According to these findings, it is possible to recommend every tested housing system from a health point of view for farmers dealing with alternative housing systems.

Lentil (Lens culinaris Med is an important dietary source of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals and vitamins. The nutritional status of four lentil Algerians cultivars (Metropol, Idleb1, Syrie229 and Ibla), were accessed. Carbohydrate composition, Crude proteins, Fibre, Dry matter, Fats and Ashes were determined. The culinary qualities and sensory analysis are respectively based on cooking time and tasting tests which carried out with 28 samples of consumers. The highest protein contents were recorded in Metropol (24.38 %) followed by Idleb1 (22.87 %). Ibla presented the highest fibre content (06.11 %) and the lowest value was recorded in Idleb1 (4.01 %). The highest carbohydrate contents were shown by Ibla and Metropol with 74.43 % and 62.40 % respectively. However, syrie229 and exhibit the lowest value with 11.91 %. Descriptive sensory analysis of prepared samples showed that all extruded treatments were similar to each other. By applying statistical techniques, consumer acceptability testing (4-point hedonic scale) indicated that there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in acceptability among the selected treatments. This study contributes to the available information concerning nutritional quality of Algerian lentil varieties before and after cooking and their sensory characterization. The current results can be assured of enhanced nutrient potential and sensory quality of lentil.

The tillage technology used can influence the soil quality positively or negatively. The aim of this work was to compare the impact of reduced (RT) and conventional (CT) tillage technologies on selected physical and chemical properties of Mollic Fluvisol, Chernozem, and Haplic Luvisol. Differences in the properties of soils treated with RT and CT were investigated at fifteen sites to a depth of 40 cm. The results showed that in Mollic Fluvisol, which naturally has higher soil organic matter (SOM) content, changing the tillage system from CT to RT caused minimal negative changes in soil properties, including a significant increase in bulk density (rd), a decrease in available water capacity (QP) and hot water soluble carbon (CHWL); in contrast, the change in tillage system was positively reflected in a statistically significant increase in total organic carbon (Cox) and degree of humification. For Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol, which naturally have medium to low SOM content, changing tillage from CT to RT resulted in a significant decrease in CHWL content and degree of humification. All physical parameters assessed were significantly deteriorated (there was an increase in rd and wilting point, a significant decrease in air-filled porosity and QP. There was no significant improvement in any of the soil properties studied. It can be concluded that the CT system is more suitable for Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol tillage than the RT system. In Mollic Fluvisol, the RT system is more or less equally suitable for tillage as the CT system.

Chernozems are considered highly productive soils, which are strongly affected by intensive management, erosion processes, and degradation. Three different soil types were classified according to Němeček et al. (2011) along the transect in the field – Calcic Chernozem (control site); Calcaric Regosol (erosion site); and Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). Soil organic matter quality was evaluated using infrared and UV-VIS spectroscopic methods. Humic acids (HAs) were isolated from all three soil samples according to the standard IHSS method. DRIFT spectroscopy (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) was applied to evaluate HAs chemical composition and hydrophobicity. Both parameters can better characterize HAs stability against microbial degradation, reactivity, and wettability. Results showed that the humification degree was the highest in Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). Less humified were HAs in Calcaric Regosol (erosion site). Higher content of aliphatic labile and hydrophilic groups was in HAs from Calcaric Regosol (erosion site). The content of aromatic stable and resistant components was higher in HAs from Calcic Chernozem (control site) and Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). The highest hydrophobicity index was in HAs from Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). The HAs chemical composition and hydrophobicity are crucial in soil productivity and organic matter stability in a changing environment.

Protein ratio and amino acid composition vary considerably in maize according to the level of opacity. In this study, the total protein content, amounts of some essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) and quantitative and qualitative variation of protein fractions in maize seed samples separated according to different opacity levels were investigated. In the study, 6 local maize landraces with opaque kernel structure and 3 standards were used. The field trial was carried out in 2021 according to the complete blocks trial design with 3 replications. Samples of local maize landraces from the field experiment were separated on a light table according to 5 different opacity levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Protein content, lysine and tryptophan contents, albumin + globulin, glutelin and zein contents were analyzed in the samples separated by their opacity. In addition, protein fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and the changes in protein bands according to opacity level were examined. Differences between genotypes, opacity levels and their interaction were illustrated with box plot and PCA-Biplots. Two-way dendrograms were created for qualitative discrimination. The results of the study showed that there were significant changes in protein amount and quality according to the opacity levels of the genotypes. The protein contents of the genotypes were 5.95–10.22%, lysine contents 0.33–0.46%, tryptophan contents 0.032–0.083%, albumin + glubulin contents 1.92–2.72%, glutelin contents 0.64–1.08%, and zein contents 1.59–1.99%. There was a significant difference in presence or absence according to the opacity levels in the protein fractions.

Silages represents the principal component of the diet of high-producing dairy cows. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on the impact of silage quality on the feed intake, performance, and health of dairy cows. The review described the impact of the nutritional quality of silages and fermentation products on dairy cow performance, including the implementation of preventive practices to avoid the undesirable fermentation process. The following section focused on the prevalence of pathogens that present a risk to animals and humans. A summary was provided of the most recent findings on the occurrence of Clostridium spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in silage. The final section of the review addressed the most recent findings on the prevalence of undesirable metabolites, such as mycotoxins and biogenic amines, in silage. The mycotoxin section concentrated on the adverse health effects of elevated mycotoxin concentrations in dairy cow feed rations.

An experiment was designed to examine the effect of sage leaves (Salvia officinalis. L.) use in hens’ diet on laying productivity, egg morphological and sensor properties, serum biochemistry, and egg chemical composition. A total of 90 hens from the Bulgarian synthetic population LB at the age of 40 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: S0 (without dried and milled leaves of S. officinalis L supplementation) and S25, and S50 experimental groups (diets supplemented with dried and milled leaves of S. officinalis L. at 0.25% and 0.50% respectively). The sage use in the daily dose of 0.50% led to a significant increase in hens’ body weight (P <0.05); laying intensity (P <0.05); Haugh Units (P <0.01); albumen index (P <0.01) and egg yolk color (P <0.001). The addition of 0.25% S. officinalis significantly decreased the total cholesterol level in the blood serum (P <0.05) but significantly increased the content of protein (P <0.001); fat (P <0.05), and ash (P <0.01; P <0.05) in eggs. The supplementation of the tested product does not aggravate the eggs’ sensor properties.

Production requires highly adaptive varieties that have a high level of genetic protection of the crop from biotic and abiotic factors of the environment and can maximally realize the potential of the crop in combination with high-quality seeds. The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of soybean varieties by the adaptability of qualitative characteristics in different soil and climatic conditions in terms of the years of research according to the content and output of oil and protein, as well as the intensity of oil and protein formation in soybean seeds. The adaptability of soybean seed quality of the studied varieties was determined by the Eberhard and Russell method. According to the research results, the highest oil content in the seed was observed in the following varieties: Hoverla (22.2%), Artemida (21.1%), and Zolotysta (20.7%), and the highest protein content was recorded in Artemida (39.2%) and Zolotysta (39.3%). It should be noted that the indicated varieties are conservative (bi<1) by the response to changes in the hydrothermal regime, except for Hoverla, which is highly plastic (bi˃1) in terms of oil content in the seeds. These varieties have the highest indicators of agronomic stability (As) in terms of protein content in seeds: 99.2; 99.0%, as well as the sequence of distribution of varieties according to homeostaticity of the first (Nom1) and second (Nom2) types: Artemida – 131.4 and 109.5; Zolotysta - 99.2 and 62.0. The highest output of oil and protein from seeds was recorded in Hoverla – 0.48 and 0.805 t/ha, Artemida – 0.43 and 0.803 t/ha, which belong to highly plastic varieties by the response to the improvement of the agro-background of cultivation, the variance of stability (Si2) in which is as close to zero as possible. The combination of high yield of oil and protein became possible due to the high productivity of Hoverla, as for Artemida, these traits are at the level of above mean values. The highest intensity of oil and protein formation in seeds was observed in Hoverla– 4.25 and 7.12, Artemida – 3.8 and 7.06, Amethyst – 3.43 and 6.72 kg/ha per day, which belong to highly plastic varieties (bi˃1), and the stability variance (Si2) in which is as close to zero as possible.

The white tea extract (WTE) has compounds that act as antioxidants, which enhance sperm characteristics during storage. Thepresent study was aimed at investigating theeffect ofadding different concentrations ofWTE stored at 4 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h on semen quality. Semen samples were collected from three Awassi rams, and theejaculates were combined. Semen were divided into four equal parts, and it was diluted with Tris; beside theextender, thecontrol group was (A0, without WTE), thesecond group A1 (0.05 mg WTE), thethird group was A2 (0.10 mg WTE), and thefourth group was A3 (0.15 mg WTE). Results revealed thepercentages ofindividual motility, live, and sperm membrane integrity were enhanced significantly (P <0.05) throughout storage in theA2 group compared to other groups. TheA1, A2 and A3 groups decreased significantly (P <0.05) in total sperm abnormality percent at 48 and 72 h. Abnormal head sperm decreased significantly (P <0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 h in theA2 and A3 groups. While theA2 group decreased significantly (P <0.05) in abnormal middle sperm throughout storage. In conclusion, WTE has compounds in it that function as antioxidants. Especially when 0.10 mg ofWTE was added to extenders, there was an improvement in individual motility, live sperm, and sperm membrane integrity, as well as adecrease in total sperm abnormality and types ofabnormal sperm (head, middle, and tail).

The water quality of the Razdan reservoir was assessed using hydrobiological, hydrochemical and microbiological methods in different seasons of the year. As a result of studies at three observation stations, it was found that at the outlet of the reservoir, in almost all the seasons under study, the quality of water does not meet the accepted standards used for agricultural irrigation. This is a consequence of the increase in organic pollution of the reservoir due to seasonal fluctuations in its water level in different seasons, leading to significant changes in temperature and concentration of biogenic substances. PCA analysis of bacterial counts, algal cell counts, and water chemistry showed that a total of 65.4% of the data variance was explained by the two principal components. In total, only two different groups showed factor loadings >0.1. The highest abundance of S_20 and Bacillariophyta species may be related to the typical August environmental conditions. In contrast, the high abundance of S_37 and E. coli may depend on the nitrogen availability in autumn (October and November). Such comprehensive studies of reservoirs allow for a more accurate assessment of the quality of their water. At the same time, not all water quality indicators may exceed the accepted standards. However, the appearance of even some indicators exceeding these standards may become a significant argument for developing recommendations for reviewing the possibilities of using reservoirs for agricultural needs.

To maintain adequate dairy productivity in sheep, it is important to focus on establishing appropriate husbandry conditions. Currently, breeders are increasingly confronted with extreme weather fluctuations during the grazing season, which significantly impact pasture quality and the milk produced. Therefore, it is crucial to seek suitable breeding systems with breed representation tailored to various climatic and geographical conditions in order to exploit their productive potential fully. This study compares the dairy productivity and milk quality of three sheep farms in the vicinity of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, which employ different farming systems and feature different breed compositions under changing climatic conditions with increased heat stress during the summer months. Farm 1, located at 1,200 m above sea level (ASL), follows an extensive grazing system with 350 Tsigai ewes. Farm 2, situated at 500 m ASL, houses 456 Lacaune ewes in a semi-intensive system. Farm 3, at 400 m ASL, manages 470 mixed dairy and combined-breed ewes under a semi-extensive system. The results indicate that Farm 2, employing a semi-intensive system, recorded the highest milk yield (246.7 kg·ewe-1); however, it also exhibited the most pronounced decline in the lactation curve, with lower average milk production and qualitative parameters (fat, not fat solids) for the Lacaune breed during the warm months (June – August) compared to Farms 1 and 3, which focus on raising combined breeds. In conclusion, the most suitable breeding method for the climatic and geographical conditions of the observed region appears to be a semi-extensive system with combined sheep breeds, as the variability in dairy productivity parameters during the hottest months with reduced pasture quality is not as marked as it is in specialized dairy breeds.

The colostrum consumed by newborn ruminants immediately after birth plays a crucial role in ensuring their long and healthy lives. It is their first nutrition, supporting growth, development, and immunity against diseases. The study involved eight goat crossbreeds of Saanen × Makatia and Saanen × Alpine goats, raised in the Ghardaia region, known for its arid climate. Colostrum samples were collected during four days after kidding. Each sample was subjected to the evaluation of the microbiological quality and the key physicochemical properties, including fat and protein content, pH, titratable acidity, density, conductivity, appearance, and colour. The results showed a decrease in fat and protein content from day one to day four in both goat populations, although the differences in the four-day averages were not significant. Acidity and density also followed a decreasing trend, with the difference in four-day averages being significant in the Saanen × Makatia group. In terms of pH, variation over the four days was not significant. Conductivity values increased consistently in both populations. Microbiological analysis revealed the absence of sulphite-reducing Clostridium, Salmonella, and yeasts in all samples. The counts of Staphylococcus aureus, total aerobic mesophilic flora, and total and faecal coliforms remained within acceptable limits for raw milk, indicating that the colostrum was of satisfactory microbiological quality.

The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of two types of floral honey (rapeseed and sunflower) obtained from sites in Dohňany and Tekovský Hrádok with honey from other locations. Rapeseed and sunflower honey are the most common honey types associated with agricultural production. Among the physicochemical properties, the honey samples were analyzed and evaluated for parameters such as glucose and fructose content, sucrose, percentage of water mass, content of water insoluble substances, free acid and heavy metal content. By comparing the obtained results with the analyses of honey from other Slovak and international locations, we found that our honey samples met the criteria set by Decree No. 41/2012 on honey in all monitored indicators. Based on this, it can be concluded that the impact of intensive agricultural production in these sites did not result in a deterioration in the quality of either rapeseed or sunflower honey.

In the last years, consumers preferences are more likely to purchase processed-meat products instead of single meat cuts. To adapt to the new demand, beef industry needs to study consumers’ sensory perception of the newly developed products to ensure their acceptability. This study aimed to examine consumers’ perception on sensory characteristics of two commercial processed-meat products (hamburger and tartare) from three different types of meat (Holstein-Italian bull, Charolaise bull, and Charolaise heifer). Sensory consumer test was conducted on a non-trained panel of 64 participants for each product to assess color, texture, odor, tenderness, juiciness, salty taste, flavor and overall satisfaction using a 1 (very low) to 7 (very high) intensity scale. Sensory data of each product was analyzed through a linear mixed model including meat type and order of presentation as fixed effects, and participant and residual as random effects. Chemical composition was determined by standard methods in 9 samples of each product (3 samples/type of meat). For hamburgers, protein ranged from 15.9 to 17.0% and fat from 9.1 to 12.9%. For tartare, protein ranged from 20.1 to 20.3%, and for fat from 3.2 to 5.2%. For hamburger, participants perceived differences (P<0.05) in color, tenderness and juiciness between meat types, being the Charolaise bull the most appreciated (P<0.05). For tartare, panelists reported differences (P<0.05) in color, texture and tenderness, being the Charolaise heifer the most appreciated (P<0.05). Our results suggested that the type of meat used related to the fat content can modify consumers’ sensory perception of processed-meat products.

The aim of the present study was to compare the fatty acid composition of dry fermented sausage made from Crna slavonska pig and modern hybrids reared in diverse production systems. The study was performed on Baranjski kulen, a traditional PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) labelled sausage. Baranjski kulen produced from pigs included in the study differed in their fatty acid profile, with kulen made from Crna slavonska pigs having a higher content of MUFA, lower content of PUFA and a more favourable PUFA/SFA ratio. The results of the present study demonstrate that meat originating from breeds raised in specific production system affects the fatty acid composition as one of the major determinants of nutritional product quality.