„ai“ 349 výsledků

The colostrum consumed by newborn ruminants immediately after birth plays a crucial role in ensuring their long and healthy lives. It is their first nutrition, supporting growth, development, and immunity against diseases. The study involved eight goat crossbreeds of Saanen × Makatia and Saanen × Alpine goats, raised in the Ghardaia region, known for its arid climate. Colostrum samples were collected during four days after kidding. Each sample was subjected to the evaluation of the microbiological quality and the key physicochemical properties, including fat and protein content, pH, titratable acidity, density, conductivity, appearance, and colour. The results showed a decrease in fat and protein content from day one to day four in both goat populations, although the differences in the four-day averages were not significant. Acidity and density also followed a decreasing trend, with the difference in four-day averages being significant in the Saanen × Makatia group. In terms of pH, variation over the four days was not significant. Conductivity values increased consistently in both populations. Microbiological analysis revealed the absence of sulphite-reducing Clostridium, Salmonella, and yeasts in all samples. The counts of Staphylococcus aureus, total aerobic mesophilic flora, and total and faecal coliforms remained within acceptable limits for raw milk, indicating that the colostrum was of satisfactory microbiological quality.

To process the purpose of reduction of the maturation process of pork meat, the bio-preservation of meat products, and the prevention of microbial contamination, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum strains were used. The application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains proved to impact the duration of the maturation process of salt-cured pork by shortening the process, as opposed to samples of pork salt-cured in a traditional way and containing a commercial BactoFlavor® culture used in production. The maturation process of pork was accompanied by decreased glycogen levels and increased lactic acid, dominant in samples containing L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus strains. The maturation also triggered a shift in pH, making it more acidic. The tendency towards glycogenolysis in samples containing LAB strains, prior to the formation of lactic acid, is determined by LAB strains producing lactic acid too, which helps explain the low level of pyruvate. The application of LAB strains as protective starter cultures with bactericidal activity during the in situ fermentation of meat demonstrates that the use of strains leads to the decrease of total contamination by 2 Log CFU·ml⁻¹, while using a commercial starter brings about a decrease of 1 Log CFU·ml⁻¹. After 4 days of meat maturation, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum inhibited the growth of E. coli by 2 Log CFU·ml⁻¹; after 8 days, the use of LAB and BactoFlavor® led to the absence of E. coli. The broad antimicrobial and bacteriocin spectrum of LAB stimulated their application in the food industry as natural preservatives.

This study investigated genetic diversity, population structure, and selection footprints across 16 local sheep breeds from the Danube region using high-density SNP data. The diversity status was derived from the overall heterozygosity and genomic-based inbreeding coefficients (FHOM and FIS). Population stratification was assessed using principal component analysis, phylogenetic networks, and admixture estimation. Selection footprints were identified based on the genome-wide Wright's fixation index (FST) distribution. Moderate observed and expected heterozygosity levels were found, with the highest values in the Improved Valachian breed (Ho = 0.44±0.10, He = 0.44±0.08) and the lowest in the East Friesian (Ho = 0.37±0.16) breed. Inbreeding coefficients aligned with heterozygosity patterns, indicating an increase in inbreeding in geographically or historically separated breeds and reduced inbreeding in recently developed composite breeds, particularly the Improved Valachian and Slovak Dairy sheep. All approaches testing population structure confirmed breed stratification corresponding to geographic and phylogenetic backgrounds, while admixture analysis revealed the highest proportion of genetic admixture in the composite breeds. A genome-wide scan revealed 24 candidate regions under selection pressure across 15 autosomes, encompassing 48 protein-coding genes, including those related to reproduction (TNP1, AMHR2) and immune response (SLC11A1, IL9, JAK3). Functional enrichment analysis identified overrepresented GO terms related to protein binding, spermatogenesis, hypoxia response, and KEGG pathways such as TGF-beta and VEGF signalling. This study provides insights into breed-specific selection pressures driven by diverse breeding goals and environmental adaptation in sheep breeds in the Danube region. The study also highlights the importance of genomic tools for preserving genetic diversity and supporting sustainable breeding strategies in local populations.

This study initiates DNA barcoding and phylogenetic investigations of Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum Martynov 1935, aiming to enhance species identification, assess genetic diversity, and clarify its evolutionary relationships. By analysing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences from specimens collected in the Northwest Himalaya, we successfully generated the first DNA barcode for P. quinquefasciatum from India. Our findings establish a foundational framework for future taxonomic, ecological, and conservation studies on the genetic structure of P. quinquefasciatum. The generated DNA barcode data can facilitate precise species identification, aiding in resolving cryptic diversity and potential misidentifications in closely related taxa. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses shed light on the evolutionary affinities of P. quinquefasciatum within Hydropsychidae, reinforcing the significance of molecular approaches in taxonomy.

Liquid waste from the dairy industry becomes an environmental problem if it is not processed properly, so several technologies have been created from this waste, one of them is sludge organic fertilizer. The aim of this research is to determine the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to support the growth, nutrient uptake and yield of mustard. The factors of this research include S0 = NPK 100% (300 kg.ha-1), S1 = 25% sludge organic fertilizer + 75% NPK (6.25 ton.ha-1+ 225 kg.ha-1), S2 = 50% sludge organic fertilizer + 50% NPK (12.5 ton.ha-1+ 150 kg.ha-1), S3 = 75% sludge organic fertilizer + 25% NPK (18.75 ton.ha-1 + 75 kg.ha-1) and S4 = sludge organic fertilizer 100% (25 ton.ha-1). The research result shows that the combination treatment of sludge organic fertilizer with NPK inorganic fertilizer can increase the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients and enhance mustard growth and yield. Treatment of sludge organic fertilizer 25% + NPK 75% being the best in nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of mustard. Meanwhile 75% sludge organic fertilizer + 25% NPK treatment produces better soil chemical properties. This research reveals that mustard still need organic and inorganic fertilizers.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is the major source of protein and an important pulse crop in Afghanistan. Low soil fertility in Afghanistan is the main cause of the lower productivity of mung beans. The present investigation was carried out at the agriculture research farm of Kabul University to evaluate the effects of different organic and inorganic soil amendments on yield and yield components of mung beans. The study was conducted during two consecutive years – 2022 and 2023. With various organic and inorganic soil amendments such as farmyard manure, biochar, diammonium phosphate + urea, and urea alone, 120 kg nitrogen per hectare was applied into the soil. Different crop agronomic traits, including plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, grains per pod, and total grain yield, were studied in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and the data were analyzed with Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research (STAR 2.0.1) software. The results indicated that urea improved the mung bean's growth and yield components. The maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, grains per pod, and total grain yield were recorded under the urea treatment. For increased productivity of mung beans, the farmers are recommended to apply a proper dose of urea fertilizer.

The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of two types of floral honey (rapeseed and sunflower) obtained from sites in Dohňany and Tekovský Hrádok with honey from other locations. Rapeseed and sunflower honey are the most common honey types associated with agricultural production. Among the physicochemical properties, the honey samples were analyzed and evaluated for parameters such as glucose and fructose content, sucrose, percentage of water mass, content of water insoluble substances, free acid and heavy metal content. By comparing the obtained results with the analyses of honey from other Slovak and international locations, we found that our honey samples met the criteria set by Decree No. 41/2012 on honey in all monitored indicators. Based on this, it can be concluded that the impact of intensive agricultural production in these sites did not result in a deterioration in the quality of either rapeseed or sunflower honey.

Purpose – As the usage of online social networks increases, so does the volume of research addressing them. The aim of this research study is to explore the relationship between the popularity of online social networks and their prevalence in scientific literature. Design / methodology / approach – This study conducts a bibliometric analysis, analysing publications related to the fifteen most popular online social networks worldwide, including Douyin, Facebook, Instagram, Kuaishou, Pinterest, QQ, Reddit, Snapchat, Telegram, TikTok, WeChat, Weibo, WhatsApp, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube. The objective is to identify current trends in online social networks research and assess whether these trends align with user engagement levels. Results – The findings highlight substantial discrepancies with the most notable in case of Twitter, which, despite being only the 12th largest network by monthly active users count, is prominently featured in approximately 40% of publications. In contrast, Facebook, despite its leading user base, is featured in about 30% of studies. The representation of other networks in scholarly discourse shows considerable variation, with some networks scarcely mentioned despite significant public usage. Originality / value – This research offers a comprehensive analysis of how the popularity of various online social networks correlates with their academic research coverage, highlighting discrepancies and exploring underlying factors. Future research should extend beyond selected platforms to understand the unique social, cultural, economic or political impacts of each online social network. Additionally, there is a critical need for ongoing adaptation in research methodologies in response to the rapid evolution of online social networks to ensure that academic inquiries remain pertinent and responsive to real-world changes.

Účel – Cieľom štúdie je preskúmať vzťahy medzi informačnou tvorivosťou a akademickým písaním a informovať o výsledkoch dvoch prieskumov v rámci projektu zameraného na informačnú tvorivosť v digitálnom prostredí. Sumarizujú sa novšie výskumy v oblasti informačnej gramotnosti doktorandov a informačnej tvorivosti pri písaní akademických prác. Metodológia / dizajn – Analyzujú sa súvisiace výskumy zamerané na informačnú tvorivosť, využívanie umelej inteligencie (AI) pri digitálnom akademickom písaní, a kognitívne modely akademického písania. Prezentujú sa dva kvalitatívne prieskumy využívajúce skupinový rozhovor a písomné eseje doktorandov (17) a kvalitatívny experiment so študentmi (8) zameraný na akademické písanie s využitím AI. Dáta boli analyzované induktívnou kvalitatívnou analýzou, obsahovými analýzami, konceptuálnym modelovaním. Výsledky – Výsledky kvalitatívnych štúdií sa interpretujú z aspektov vnímania nástrojov AI študentmi aj praktickej skúsenosti s akademickým písaním (ChatGPT a iné nástroje AI). Výsledky konceptuálnych analýz sú ilustrované v tabuľkách a potvrdzujú vzájomné tvorivé interakcie doktorandov (študentov) a AI v princípoch ko-kreativity, od inšpirácií, cez interakcie a formulovanie výziev, štruktúru tém, po tvorbu a revízie. Z analýz vyplynul nelineárny konceptuálny model informačnej tvorivosti pri akademickom písaní s využitím AI. Originalita / hodnota – Výsledky umožňujú pochopiť informačnú tvorivosť pri digitálnom akademickom písaní v kontexte AI gramotnosti a spoluprácu človeka a AI systému (ko-kreativitu) ako súčasť kreatívnych informačných ekológií. Formulujú sa odporúčania pre stratégie univerzít a kurzy informačnej tvorivosti a AI gramotnosti v akademickom písaní a tvorbe. Odporúča sa rozvoj AI gramotnosti v kontexte informačnej tvorivosti a tvorby akademických produktov.