„ai“ 349 výsledků

The ameliorative effects of ginger meal (GM) on the performance, carcass, and meat qualities of broilers fed diets containing MSG were examined. A total of 360 day – old broilers were randomly allotted into four diets: Diet A (control), Diet B (basal + 1.25 g MSG/kg diet), Diet C (Diet B + 1.25 g GM/kg diet) and Diet D (diet B + 2.50 g GM/kg diet). The birds were fed starter and finisher diets and water ad – libitum. At 6 weeks old, growth performance, carcass and meat qualities were assessed. Broilers on Diets B to D significantly (P < 0.05) recorded increased weight, feed, energy, and protein intakes with those on Diet D having the best feed conversion ratio. The dressed weight and dressing percentage of broilers on the experimental diets were better than the control diet. The inclusion of GM significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the negative impacts of MSG on relative weights of the heart, liver, and bile. Meat catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced while lipid peroxidation and meat cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated among the birds fed Diet B when compared with the control. However, the inclusions of GM played a restorative role by significantly (P < 0.05) improving the meat antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation and cholesterol. Therefore, the inclusion of MSG at 1.25 g/kg with an inclusion of 1.25 to 2.50 g GM/kg was beneficial for feed palatability enhancement with resultant improvement on performance, carcass, and meat qualities.

Reproductive selection index of two dam pig breeds was established five years ago to enhance the reproductive ability of sows. Since then, positive genetic progress in the population and some economic disorders (e.g. the input and output prices disproportion) appeared in the swine sector. The study aimed to revise index according to the current circumstances and further ensure the desired gain. In three index variants, the current, optimal, and adjusted trait proportion was assessed. Economic weights (EWs) of the breeding objective traits were applied in two alternatives to evaluate the index for future stable and deteriorated conditions. Under the current index construction and stable EWs, the favourable selection gain in piglets born alive (NBA) and slight extension of farrowing interval (FI) is indicated. The optimal index construction would result in a favourable gain of both traits in one breed. The adjusted index maintained the increasing litter size equal to the current index and achieved favourable gain in FI in both breeds. The same was true for deteriorated economic conditions except for the optimised index variant, where expected higher genetic progress in one breed. Nevertheless, this genetic gain was insufficient to compensate the declined EW of traits, and the overall financial benefit was almost half of those in stable conditions. For both alternatives of evaluated economic conditions, the current index should be revised in terms of a slightly higher proportion of FI to reach favourable genetic gain in both breeding goals.

Natural feed additives are gaining increased attention due to their ability to improve animal performance. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding frequency of diets supplemented turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder on goats’ performance. Thus, a basal diet was formulated such that 10g of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) was supplemented with 300g feed as ration for goats. Twenty goats were used for this trial, balanced for weight, arranged in Completely Randomized Design experiment, of five goats per group. The goats were fed the ration once a week, alternate days/skip a day, daily while the control had no TRP in their diet. The feeding trial lasted 56 days. Parameters were taken on nutrients intake, utilization, weight change, microbial evaluation, rumen fermentation characteristics and all data generated were subjected to statistical analysis. From the results, TRP supplemented diets did not significantly (P>0.05) influence the nutrients intake except for crude protein intake (CPI). Nitrogen retention (NR), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P<0.05) influenced. NR (86.64%), DWG (55g/d) and FCR (9.96) of goat-does fed TRP supplemented diets on daily basis was the best. Feeding frequency of TRP supplemented diet linearly decreased total bacteria count (TBC) and rumen pH, as the frequency increases while total fungi count (TFC) non-linearly increases. Meanwhile, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) did not follow a particular trend. Conclusively, daily supplementing of goats’ diet with TRP at 10g/300g feed optimally improved goats’ performance and is thus recommended.

The aim of the work was to analyse the impact of different intensities of grassland exploitation on the productive capacity in the context of declining livestock numbers and the need for temporary or permanent extensification. The research was carried out in 2017-2020 in the locality of Žirany in the Nitra district, located in the temperate zone at the boundary between the continental and Atlantic-continental regions. Average annual temperatures are around 9 °C. The original semi-natural vegetation has been used for sheep grazing for many years. There were 8 experimental variants of use/cutting with different intensity of exploitation: var. 1 - abandoned unused, var. 2 - 3x per year, var. 3 - 2x per year, var. 4 - 1x per year, var. 5 - 4x - 3x - 2x - 2x - 1x per year, var. 6 - 1x - 2x - 3x - 4x per year, var. 7 - 3x - 1x - 1x - 3x and var. 8 - 2x - 1x - 1x - 1x - 2x. By comparing the sum of yields for the entire 4-year annual cycle, we concluded that, with the exception of the 1x annually mowed variant, all the others differentiated themselves from the abandoned stand by their increased production capacity. We also observed differentiation between fertilized and exploited variants into groups. The stand mowed 3 times annually (variant 2, 29.07 t ha-1) was shown to be the most productive. The second group consisted of variants with production lower in the sum of 4 years by about 5 t ha-1 (3, 5, and 6). The same level of lower yield was then found on stands with temporarily reduced intensity of use (variants 7 and 8). In the effectiveness of applied nutrients on production growth, it was found that as the number of applications increased, nutrient use also increased. The average of the years in the overall assessment of the 4-year cycle showed the dynamics from the individual years and also confirmed the tendency of the highest nutrient use at a stable 3-cut use.

The critical period of weed interference in groundnut was investigated in 2018 and 2019 early cropping seasons at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The experiment consisted of ten treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Treatments includes keeping plots weed free initially for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 weeks after planting (WAP) and keeping plots weed infested initially for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 WAP. Data collected on weed cover score, weed dry matter production, crop vigour score, canopy spread, pod yield and numbers were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using least significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that total weed dry matter production increased with weed infestation period and decreased with weed free period. Also, there was significant increase in pod yield and count when plots were kept weed free for 6 WAP and more. Our findings showed that, the highest percent weed accumulation, weed removal, pod yield loss and pod yield gain all occured between 3 and 6 WAP. Therefore, the critical period of weed interference in groundnut is between 3 and 6 WAP. Also, there was 83.4% pod yield loss in groundnut when weed was allowed to compete freely with the crop throught crop life cycle.

This paper aims to study the growth and development of garden pea plants when liming the soil, applying mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with inoculants, micronutrients and foliar nutrition. Plants survival was higher in the trial variant when applying lime (1.0 norm of lime per ha), mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobophyte and microfertilizer Wuxal Extra CoMo, foliar nutrition with microfertilizers Wuxal Microplant at the microstage ВВСН 12-13 and Wuxal Calcium, Boron at the microstage ВВСН 51-59 – 92.0% and 92.1% in Skinado and Somerwood garden pea varieties. In the same variant, maximum values of the use of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were observed in Skinado variety – 1.38 and Somerwood variety – 1.89%. This was 0.47 and 0.57% higher compared to the control. The longest period of symbiosis, both general and active, was 35.3 and 37.1, 25.4 and 26.7 days. This was 2.2, 4.6, and 1.6 days more compared to the control where liming was applied. The highest rates of symbiotic and active potentials were observed in Skinado and Somerwood varieties and amounted to 14.0 and 15.4, 7.8 and 8.6 thousand kg per day/ha, and the amount of symbiotically fixed nitrogen (SNF) was 148.2 kg/ha in Skinado and 172 kg/ha in Somerwood variety. Pea yield was 9.36 t/ha in Skinado and 11.09 t/ha in Somerwood varieties. This was 2.15 and 2.14 t/ha more compared to the control. Green pea output was 46.4% in Skinado and 50.3% in Somerwood varieties. This was higher compared to the control by 4.4 and 3.0%, respectively.

Natural products was the source of many important biological activities against human and animal pathogens. Propolis was one of these substances, produced by bees from resins and wax. In this study, D-optimal experimental design used to optimize operational condition of propolis extraction, and then phenolic compounds of propolis extracted from seven regions of Bejaia was identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. Also, their biological activities was evaluated, including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and sperm cells cryopreservation effect. The highest antibacterial activitywas obtained in propolis extract from the Baccaro region against B. cereus and strong effect against S. areus, C. albicans, and E. Coliwas reached using propolis extracted from Melbou region. High inhibition percentage denaturation of the BSA protein was observed using propolis extracted from Melbou. Also, the best antioxidant and sperm cells cryopreservation preservation was obtained using propolis extracted from Melbou. This work demonstrates that Melbou propolis extract obtained by the agitation method (MEA) showed the best and strongest biological effects, indicating an interesting and promising approach for development of new therapeutics formulations based on propolis extract from bejaia region.

In order to investigate forage yield and quality of vetch-triticale and pea-triticale intercrops, two years study was carried out at two locations under rainfed Moroccan conditions, considering three seeding ratios (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). Results showed that intercrops yielded 46 and 52% higher than vetch and pea monocrops, while they produced 16 and 24% lower than sole triticale. Vetch-triticale intercrops out-yielded pea-triticale mixture by 11% in both locations. Within legume-triticale intercrops, forage yield increase when vetch and pea represented 25 and 50% of seeding ratios; and decreased when the legume ratio increased to 75%. The relative yield of individual species and mixtures increased when legume ratio increased at sowing. Vetch-triticale intercrops had conflictual relationships at SEA, while pea-triticale intercrops at 50 and 75% of legume ratios, developed beneficial relations at both locations. Furthermore, intercrops affected positively forage quality at higher legumes ratios. Protein yield from vetch-triticale mixtures was significantly higher than that of pea-triticale intercrops. It was increased by 43 and 12% respectively compared to sole triticale. NDF ADF and ADL decreased when legumes proportions increased in the harvested forage. Similar trend was noticed for digestibility, dry matter intake (DMI), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV). All of these quality parameters were improved when legume ratios were beyond 25%.

Agricultural land is a more important resource biodiversity and changes in their dispersion and structures reflected the quality of habitats. A suitable bioindicator pointing to such changes is the taxon Araneae. The aim of our research was to point out the dispersion of Araneae individuals in the ecological and conventional farming conditions and also the influence of pH, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen on their abundance. During the years 2018 to 2021, we caught 2,862 individual Araneae in ecological farming (Pisum sativum, Grass mixture, Triticum spelta and T. aestivum) and conventional farming conditions (Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays) using the pitfall trap method. The dispersion of Araneae individuals was the highest around crops in ecological farming. We confirmed a declining number of individuals with decreasing values of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in conventional and also ecological farming. However, the difference was within the limits of optima phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, which were lower in ecological farming compared to integrated farming. On the basis our results, both types of farming can be evaluated as homeostatically, which affects the dispersion and abundance of Araneae. Providing them with topical and trophic conditions, which is important for the production of biomass and also affects the crop.

Long-term electrokinetic processes affect the motion of different soil fractions mainly ionic-species in soil-type environments. Primarily, this governs direct (DC) and alternating (AC) electrical fields due to the different thermal, acid-base ion gradients generated close to electrodes resulted in electro-migration, electrophoresis, and other electrolysis-related-processes. The migration of metal ionic-species, including zinc, which occurs mainly under DC electrical field is generally acknowledged, but metal-corresponding nanoforms such as ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) under low-level DC and AC electrical fields absent in the literature. The aims of the research was the analysis of pressure-driven transport at two different electric potentials; the equipotential-voltage lines in sand-media with ZnO-NP under 1 V, and 3 V (for DC), and AC under 1 V, 3 V (1 kHz of sinusoidal waves), detection of the migration of Zn from ZnO-NP to anode-to-cathode area (DC), and to the electrodes areas for AC with pH changes within three-hours of treatment and X-ray diffraction investigation of structural changes of ZnO-NP. The results showed that the AC electric field had more uniform equipotential-voltage pattern of sand-media than the DC fields for both voltages applied. In addition, different zinc concentrations up to 11% and electro-active substances were detected between the DC anode-to-cathode and Electrode 1 area compared to the AC Electrode 2 area. The higher pH value also correlated only with DC. X-ray diffraction analysis detected no structure transformation of ZnO-NP, but deterioration of relatively stable graphite electrodes appeared. Our results at the low-level AC and DC electrical fields confirmed the potential of electro-accelerated nanoparticle kinetics.

Heavy metal pollution of soils in being a serious problem for sustainable agriculture. A promising solution for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils is to use plants in combination with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In this study, a total of 30 soil samples were collected from different locations in Nam Dinh, Vietnam. They were used to isolate PSB from paddy soil on Pikovskaya agar media, and their ability in improving the phytoremediation of lead (Pb2+) by a weed plant (Echinochloa colona) as well as in promoting the growth of E. colona under Pb stress condition was investigated by pot experiments. Total 07 PSB were isolated and the ND04 showed the ability in solubilizing multiple P sources ( Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4, and phytate) with corresponding P solubilizing levels were 530.12, 50.13, 25.02, and 3.58 mg/L PO43–-P, respectively. Moreover, the ND04 strain was identified as Pseudomonas putida (accession number FJ976605.1) and produced the highest values of available P (1.67 mg/L) in Ca3(PO4)2 ‑incubated soil experiments. Furthermore, the ND04 inoculation significantly enhanced the growth of E. colona and also increased the phytoremediation efficiency of Pb from Pb-contaminated soil. These results suggest the ND04 could potentially use to construct novel constructed wetlands for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil.

Silage technology is one of the major strategies for nutritionally improving and preserving feedstuff during seasonal shortages for ruminant animals. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the silage characteristics, nutrient profiles and in vitro digestibility of raw, poultry manure- and urea- ensiled cocoa bean shell meal. The mixtures of raw CBSM and poultry manure (PCBSM) in ratio 1 : 1 (w/w) and 5% urea solution (UCBSM) in ratio 1 : 1 (v/w) were ensiled for seven days under anaerobic conditions. Data generated were subjected to appropriate statistical tools. According to physicochemical properties the silages produced could be acceptable/palatable for ruminants. Nutrient compositions was best improved in poultry manure ensiled cocoa bean shell. Mineral compositions were significantly improved by the treatments while anti-nutrients decomposed and reduced significantly. Alkaloid, oxalate and theobromine content were lower in the PCBSM while the UCBSM was lower in phytate. In vitro digestibility study showed that the feed materials are degradable and would nutrients could be absorbed and utilized by the animals, if fed. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) values confirmed the nutritional potentials of PCBSM as best feed materials over all. Methane production were minimal, would not lead to bloat in animals and thus, eco-friendly. Summarily, poultry manure ensiled cocoa bean shell meal could be a suitable alternative feed material in ruminant production and is thus, recommended.

The problem of the calf livestock to be preserved under the use restriction conditions of the antibiotics in case of the infectious diseases requires the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, to which the nanocompounds of the noble metals are belonged. The influence of the colloid silver solution on the indicators of the clinical condition, mineral turnover and morphological composition of the blood of the black-pied Holstein calves aged from birth to 30 days had been analyzed. It had been established that the calf rearing with the colloid silver solution composed of colostrum (milk) at a dose of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l from the 1-st to the 10-th day every twenty-four hours, from the 11-th to the 30-th day, which is carried out once a decade, does not influence on the indicators of the clinical condition, but dose-dependently contributes to the increasing silver content in the blood. Nanosilver at a dose of 2.0 mg/l of colostrum causes the increasing iron and zinc accumulation in the blood of the calves on the 3-rd day after birth. With the increasing calf age up to 30 days as well as with the increasing oral use interval of the colloid silver solution, its influence on the exchange of zinc, iron and copper in the blood is decreased. On the 3-rd and 10-th day after the calf rearing with the colloid silver solution at a dose of 1.0 mg/l, the erythrocyte number reduction in their blood was found by 15.0 % and 12.3 %, the dose of nanosilver of 2.0 mg/l of colostrum causes a similar influence only on the 10-th day. On the 30-th day after the increasing interval of the calf rearing the erythrocyte number in the blood of both studied groups had been equal with the control one. The leukocyte number in the blood of the healthy calves practically did not depend on the dose of the colloid silver, as well as on its use period. The dose of the colloid silver equal to 2.0 mg/l of colostrum (milk) influences on the blood leukogram in a lesser extent than the dose equal to 2.0 mg/l, but both drug doses for 30-th day increase the lymphocyte percentage in the blood of the healthy calves. The obtained results make it possible to select an effective dose and interval of nanosilver application to the calves, taking into account the indicators of their clinical condition, mineral turnover and morphological composition of the blood, as well as to consider it as a prophylactic agent in case of the infectious diseases

Azodicarbonamide is an important chemical widely used in the industry as a blowing agent in the foam industry and in the food industry as a flour bleaching agent and a dough conditioner. The discussion about its biosafety is ongoing, in a number of countries, the use of azodicarbonamide is limited or even prohibited since a slightly carcinogenic effect of its by-products has been found. Despite this, many manufacturers continue to use it as a food additive. In a laboratory experiment, the effect of various doses of azodicarbonamide on the organism of laboratory animals under the background of a high-fat diet was determined by changes in their body weight, the state and mass indices of internal organs, blood parameters, the functional state of the nervous system, and changes in the intestinal microbiota. Four groups were formed from laboratory male rats, which for 21 days were consuming: a high-fat diet with the addition of 4%, 1%, 0.25%, 0% azodicarbonamide. It has been determined that azodicarbonamide did not cause a change in the organ mass index, but the addition of 4% and 1% of the substance to the diet significantly reduced the intensity of animals' body weight gain. Both excess fat in the diet and different doses of azodicarbonamide mainly caused functional disorders of the parenchymal organs, as evidenced by changes in the activity of blood enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT), Alkaline phosphatase) and protein metabolism (Total protein, Globulins, Protein coefficient, Urea). Significant changes in the physical and orientation activity and emotional status of the animals were not observed. Low concentrations of azodicarbonamide (0.25% and 1% of the feed mass) caused a pronounced decrease in the number of normal enzymatic properties of Escherichia coli strains below the control group and the reference range, and a high concentration (4%) significantly reduced the number of Lactobacillus bacteria in comparison with the control one but did not exceed references.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of an ecological and an integrated management systems within the cultivated crops of Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba with Medicago sativa on the biodiversity of epigeic groups, in the Nitra-Dolná Malanta location, during the years 2019 and 2020, using the ground trap method. 27,987 specimens of the epigeic group of animals were obtained, 15,654 in the ecological system and 12,333 were in the integrated management system. Evertebrates belonged to 23 orders, 1 order Vertebrata and 1 undetermined group Larvae. Coleoptera, Collembola, Acarina, Formicoidae, Araneida had dominant occurrence. Subdominant representation was recorded in Opilionida. Recedent, or the subrecedent occurrence of Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera, Chilopoda, Isopoda, Lumbricidae and others was confirmed, which contributed to the biodiversity of the agroecosystem. Grown crops Pisum sativum and Hordeum vulgare showed the highest abundance, Vicia faba with Medicago sativa had the lowest abundance in both management systems. The diversity value in ecological management was 1.9479 and 2.1229 in integrated management. Faunal similarity according to Jaccard, when comparing individual types of management, reached a value of 86.96%. The value for identity of dominance according to Renkonnen was 84.66%. The ecological management system confirmed the suitability of the environmental conditions in terms of the occurrence of epigeic groups, taking into account other factors such as sowing procedure, intensity of management, agro-climatic conditions of the site, but also prevailing intraspecies and interspecies relations.

The accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBV) for clinical mastitis (CM) of Czech Holstein cattle was analysed. The single-step genomic method and mixed genomic reference populations were employed. Dataset included 92,388 Holstein cows and 160,426 lactations. CM lactation incidence was 19.05%. Cows calved between 2017 and 2022 in 119 herds. A total of 4,969 Holstein sires and 35,814 Holstein females were genotyped. Three genomic matrices were used, two of them encompassing females. The linear animal model with repeatability included fixed effects of herd,year-season and parity_age at calving. The highest average accuracy of GEBV occurred for genotyped cows. SD of GEBV accuracy for bulls was significantly higher than these for cows. The accuracy of genotyped cows with health phenotypes ranged from 0.06 to 0.51. For the genotyped bulls born in 2021 and 2022, maximal accuracy was 0.37; for genotyped heifers, maximal accuracy was 0.42. The highest average GEBV accuracy occurred for the reference population with genotyped bulls and genotyped cows with phenotypes. The average accuracy for the young genotyped bulls increased by 1p. p. when phenotyped cows were considered in the reference genomic population. The cow's GEBV accuracy benefited from including their genotypes in the prediction. It has been confirmed that due to the expansion of the genomic reference population to include a group of genotyped cows with phenotypes, the individual reliability of GEBV for CM has increased.

The study aimed to analyse the claw formation traits in a selected population of Holstein and Slovak Spotted breeds and estimated their heritability and genetic correlation using linear mixed models. Images of the right hind claw were taken during functional claw trimming. NIS Elements 3.0 and MS Excel were used to analyse the images and prepare a database of phenotypic information. Pedigree information of animals was processed using the CFC program. Basic statistical analysis of the variability studied traits was estimated using SAS Enterprise Guide v7.1. Genetic correlation and heritability were estimated using the R package MCMC glmm. Lower average values of claw formation were found for the evaluated Holstein dairy cows compared to the evaluated group of Slovak Spotted dairy cows. The following effects (fixed effects) sire, date of birth, lactation order, calving year, calving season, the season of the claw trimming, and year of claw trimming were evaluated. Both positive and negative genetic correlations were observed between the claw conformation traits in the evaluated dairy cows. In the case of the Holstein breed, the highest positive genetic correlation was found for claw length and diagonal (0.91) and in Slovak Spotted cows for claw width and functional claw area (0.87). Claw conformation traits are generally low heritable, with an average h2 value of 0.30±0.09.

The present study aimed to assess the relationship of soil properties with extractable zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in soil as well as rice plant at different incubation period. The soil and plant samples were collected from 10 districts (Yamuna Nagar, Sonipat, Jind, Panipat, Karnal, Panchkula, Kaithal, Rohtak Ambala, and Kurukshetra) of RWCS (Rice wheat cropping system) of northwest Haryana of India. The effects of soil properties especially soil texture with the micronutrient in soil and rice plant at different incubation period have not been well studied. In the lab-cum-survey study, the analysis of grain samples collected from different districts of Haryana under varied soil texture showed a positive correlation between Zn/Fe concentration in grain and mean release rate of Zn/Fe in soil (Zn – 0.80; Fe – 0.98). The highest Fe concentration in grain was found in clayey soils (59.74–60.41 mg/kg) having a maximum mean soil Fe release rate (17.98–18.03 mg/kg). Likewise, the highest Zn concentration in grain was recorded in clayey soils (29.71–30.57 mg/kg) of Yamuna Nagar and Panchkula, which has the highest mean soil Zn release rate (1.03–1.14 mg/kg). Univariate and multivariate analysis under principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine the linear relationship between soil properties and extractable soil Zn and Fe concentration as well correlogram correlation matrix using for soil properties with grain Zn and Fe concentration. Hence, the study concluded that the detection for Zn and Fe are more successful in soils with a higher proportion of clay particles than in sandy soils. Plant uptake potential is highly influenced by soil micronutrient interactions with soil properties, especially soil texture, which can be predicted by extractable soil micronutrients.

Precision agriculture, which also includes the controlled movement of machines across the field, has several positive economic and environmental aspects. Despite this fact, knowledge gaps were identified, especially regarding the impact of compaction on changes in the humus regime and soil structure. For this reason, the first data are presented and discussed in this short communication. Soil samples for the determination of soil organic matter (SOM), humus, and soil structure parameters were taken from a long-term field experiment of controlled traffic farming. Samples were taken from points along permanent track lines and in places where no machines had passed for 12 years. The obtained results indicate that 12 years of no machinery passing through the field improves the soil structure, but does not significantly affect the parameters of organic matter and soil humus.

The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the health status reflected in haematological and biochemical traits of the blood, reproductive performance and bone quality of rabbit does on first parturition housed in several housing systems with or without mirrors. The animals were randomly allocated into 6 experimental groups: pens with soil covered by deep litter with the possibility of digging burrows (A), pens with soil covered by deep litter with the possibility of digging burrows enriched with a mirror (B), pens with plastic slatted floor with elevated resting area (C), pens with plastic slatted floor with elevated resting area enriched with a mirror (D), combi-park system (E) and combi-park system enriched with a mirror (F). Litter size after birth and the number of weaned kits was found to be highest in group A, D, E and F compared to other groups. However, the biochemistry analyses showed every investigated trait as significantly affected by housing conditions except the UREA and CHOL, it has to be stated that values of the blood traits were in accordance with the reference values of rabbits. The effect of housing system on tibia and femur characteristics was found to be significant in fracture toughness, where the lowest value of this trait was detected in group E and F compared to other groups in both investigated bones. According to these findings, it is possible to recommend every tested housing system from a health point of view for farmers dealing with alternative housing systems.