„yield“ 84 výsledků

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of birth season, average maximum temperatures 6 weeks before and after birth of heifers on their first lactation milk yield. In chosen herd, the effect of birth weight, weight gain until weaning on first lactation milk yield was also investigated. Additionally, the effect of the average maximum temperatures before birth, effect of birth season on birth weight were evaluated. The data were collected from the herd “A” in Orava region consisting of Slovak spotted breed (127 records), the herd “B” in Lower Nitra (150 records) and herd “C” in Upper Nitra (116 records) both consisting of black Holstein Friesian cows. Birth season tended to influence the heifers first lactation milk yield in the herd “C” (P <0.06). The maximum average temperatures during the first 6 weeks after birth significantly affected heifers first lactation in the herd “A” (P <0.01). The maximum average temperatures affecting pregnant cows before birth of their heifers did not influence heifers’ milk yield during the first lactation in all herds (P >0.66, herd “A”; P >0.59, herd “B”; P >0.38, herd “C”). In the herd “B” there was insignificant effect of prenatal temperatures, birth season on birth weight of heifers (P >0.97; P >0.74). However, the heifers with the highest weight gains until weaning had numerically higher first lactation milk yield (P >0.20).

The breeding studies targeted to develop high yielding varieties in maize have led to a decrease in genetic variation in secondary biochemical components. Local maize landraces are important genetic sources for these components. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic variation for phytic acid and total phenolic compounds within 192 Turkish maize landraces. The plant material was grown during the summer season of 2017 in Çanakkale, with the inclusion of 7 check hybrids. The field trial used an Augmented Experimental Design, with 6 blocks, each one containing 32 landraces and 7 check hybrids. Phytic acid and total phenolics were detected spectrophotometrically in the seeds of landraces propagated by bulk pollination. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and some genetic estimations (coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance) were calculated for the observed traits. Results of data analysis suggest that there is a considerable genetic variation among the investigated genetic materials. The phytic acid content was found between 0.82–4.87 mg g-1 and the total phenolic content was between 0.03–1.99%. For both traits, genetic variation in local maize landraces was observed to be wider than check varieties. The promising materials among landraces may have potential use in the future breeding programs for manipulating the levels of phytic acid and phenolic compounds. According to the calculations made for the inheritance of the traits, it was determined that the heritability in phytic acid content was higher (56.2%) than those for the total phenolics. Genetic gain calculations showed that genetic improvement can be achieved by selection for both investigated traits.

The study was undertaken at Regional Agricultural Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh in consecutive two years of 2015 and 2016 for evaluating the performance of maize and Indian spinach intercropping (MIS) under different row spacing for higher profitability through economic assessment. Five different cropping systems viz., T1 : hybrid maize normal row along with one row of spinach, T2 : hybrid maize paired row along with one row of spinach, T3 : hybrid maize paired row along with two rows of spinach, T4 : hybrid maize paired row along with three rows of spinach and T5 : sole maize were included in this experiment. The performance of the component crops was evaluated regarding total grain and vegetable yield, competitive functions, and economic returns. The results indicate that yield and yield contributing characters of maize were not significantly affected by the intercrop of spinach at different ratios. Maize paired row along with three rows of spinach (IS) (T4 ) combination had higher maize equivalent yield (11.06 t ha-1), gross return (US$ 1,499 ha-1), gross margin (US$ 564 ha-1) and benefitcost ratio (BCR) (2.07) than others treatments. This intercropping system also recorded higher land equivalent ratio, monetary advantage index, land equivalent coefficient, income equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratio of 1.24, US$ 2,434 ha-1, 0.30, 1.24 and 1.18, respectively. Hence, this cropping system may adopt in the smallholders’ for getting maximum benefits in prevailing climate change.

Genetic diversity of selected 21 colombo lemon (Colombo limon L.) genotypes were evaluated through multivariate analysis and also through covariance matrix to identify the promising parents for an auspicious crossing program for development of location specific high yielding genotypes. To view the endurance of significant heterogeneity, the genetic constitution of selected 21 genotypes were classified into four clusters (I, II, III & IV). Among them, the assemblage cluster II dominated the maximum number of genetic constitution, whereas assemblage cluster I possessed minimum number of genetic constitution. Surrounded by the genetic constitution, the first principal axis largely affords 47.1% of the variation. Inter genotypic gap was observed the highest (13.82) between the genetic constitution in both ‘CL002’ and ‘CL017’ genotypes, followed by genotypes ‘CL002’ and ‘CL019’. The maximum intracluster distance was noticed (23.33) for cluster IV, whereas cluster III showed the lowest intracluster distance (10.62). In between assemblage clusters I and IV showed the highest interassemblage distance (165.64), while the lowest distance (44.84) was estimated between II and III assemblages. Considering the cluster mean bulky fruit remarked in cluster IV (256.00 g). Besides these the highest fruit yield plant-1 was also recorded in cluster IV (20.50 kg). In respect of both quantitative parameters, assemblage IV was quite diverse compare with all other assemblages. Contemplating the immensity of genetic distance and quantitative performance the genotypes ‘CL002’, ‘CL005’, ‘CL006’ and ‘CL011’ from cluster IV obviously pertinent for productive crossing program to promote high yielding colombo lemon genotypes.

The Saris Giant Rabbit (Šo) is a hitherto unrecognized breed of rabbit. The aim of this study was to analyse the Saris Giant rabbit and hybrids with a German Giant Spot (NoS) (50 – 12.5 %) to selected parameters (reproduction, production) in small stud. All rabbits used for research were raised within a home environment. Number of live born kits in litter was 6.73±2.57 (NoS 50) – 7.38±2.41 (Šo). Number of weaned kits in litter was 6.18±2.55 (NoS 50) – 6.73±2.50 (Šo). Without statistically significant differences. Number of live born kits and weaned kits in litter was without statistically significant differences. The average daily gains up to the age of 240 days were Šo - 22.39 g, NoS 50 - 26.08 g, NoS 25 – 24.27 g, NoS 12.5 – 23.10 g. Carcass yield in Saris Giant rabbit breed were 54.69 ± 1.80 and 53.28 ± 2.24 – 54.91 ± 1.42 % in hybrids (Nos 25 – NoS 50). Without statistically significant differences.

The vast area cultivated which includes a variety of environment, climate, and agricultural maintenance, can affect the quality of the crop also the literature about the export of dates shows that those produced in the municipality of Tolga offering an opportunity for a strong export. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show the impact of the physicochemical interaction of water and soil on the intraspecific variability of Deglet-Noor. So, we will try to study the quality of Deglet-Noor dates under three axes: phenotypic, physicochemical, and biochemical in five municipalities among which Tolga. Principal Component Analysis showed a wide spectrum of variation between water and soil conditions affecting date quality. Application of fertilizer in a very salty, moderately calcareous gypseous soil allowed to produce dates considered as a good whose phenotypical and physicochemical characteristics are ranked among the best (yield with 264 kg palm-1 including size 4.47 cm and weight of dates 13.69 g, and moisture content 25.99% and a good consistency 2.15); the application of fertilizer in a very salty highly calcareous, moderately gypseous soil enhanced fruit phenotypical and physicochemical characteristics (yield with 252 kg palm-1); the application of fertilizer in a very salty soil highly calcareous, loam type, of Sidi Okba make possible to present dates with improvements in physicochemical and biochemical characteristics (total soluble solids 70.95%, total sugars 71.68% including sucrose 41.44% levels); salinity in a moderately gypsum and calcareous of Ouled Djellel gave more or less a good biochemical level of dates (reducing sugars 30.62%).

The initial slow growth of mango ginger makes them highly vulnerable to weed interference with high yield losses. Timely weeding and adequate fertilization therefore is a necessity for enhanced productivity of mango ginger. Field trials were conducted in the early cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of weeding frequency under different application rates of organo-mineral fertilizer on growth and productivity of mango ginger. Treatments were laid out in split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot treatments were three levels of organo-mineral fertilizer at 0 t ha-1, 2.4 t ha-1 and 3.6 t ha-1 while sub plots treatments consisted of six weeding frequencies viz: weeding at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 weeks after planting (WAP); Weeding at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 WAP; Weeding at 3, 6, 9, 12 WAP; Weeding at 4, 8, 12, 16 WAP; Weed free and Weedy check as control. Results showed that application of 3.6 t ha-1 organo-mineral fertilizer gave the highest rhizome yield and return on investment in both years. Although plot kept weed free throughout crop life cycle produced the highest rhizome yield, plot weeded at 4, 8, 12 and 20 WAP gave the highest return on investment in both years. This study reveals that application of 3.6 t ha-1 of organo-mineral fertilizer and weeding at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 WAP resulted in optimum yield with highest return on investment.

Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] is a medicinal plant from the Asteraceae family that is grown for its silymarin content. In the production of the silymarin complex, oil is obtained as a secondary product that must be removed from the seeds before extraction of silymarin. The oil contains a favorable ratio of fatty acids and essential phospholipids and has a high vitamin E concent. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of the harvest and the oil content in the dry matter of milkthistle fruit in three varieties (Silyb, Silma, Mirel) during growing seasons 2019 and 2020. The field experiment was conducted in a warm climatic region of western Slovakia (at the experimental site, Dolná Malanta locality). The results showed that the average yield of milk thistle fruit was 452.72 ±61.71 kg ha-1. The oiliness results wereat the level of 28.62 ±1.12%. The maximum and minimum oil content values in the dry matter were determined in the variety Silma 2019. The differences between the individual varieties were not statistically significant. The factor of the growing season had a statistically significant effect on the oil content. Based on two-year fertility and oil content results, it is recommended to continue to monitor the quantitative and qualitative potentials of the milk thistle in the following growing season.

DGAT1 gene polymorphism in exon 8 AA→GC which converts lysine to alanine at position 232 (K232A) was determined to have significant influence on bovine milk production characteristics like milk yield, protein content, fat content, and fatty acid composition. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of DGAT1 gene polymorphism on dairy production traits [milk yield (kg), fat yield (kg), fat content (%), protein yield (kg) and protein content (%)]. Genotyping of 136 Holstein cows was performed using the ACRS-PCR method. The genotypes frequencies were as follows: homozygous genotype AA (80.88%), heterozygous genotype AK (16.91%) and homozygous genotype KK (2.21%). In the monitored population, allele A had a predominance with a frequency of 89.34% over allele K with a frequency of 10.66%. In the study was observed a statistically significant (P <0.0001) effect of DGAT1 K232A marker genotypes on breeding value variability for milk fat and protein content (%) as well as milk yield (kg) was observed.

In this work we aimed to analyse the effect of different levels of Musculaton® with selected amino acids and herbal extracts on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total 240 one-day-old broiler chickens Ross 308 of mixed sex were divided into four experimental groups (n = 60): a control and three experimental groups with addition of Musculaton® in levels 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25% in drinking water from 22 to 35 day of fattening. In nutrition, we used commercial feed mixtures, water and feed was provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 42 days. The body weights of all birds were recorded individually at weekly interval from 1 to 42 day. Total feed consumption and total mortality were determined to 42 day of fattening period. Carcass characteristics were detected at the end of the experiment. The addition of different levels of Musculaton® significantly increased (p <0.05) the live weight of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age compared with control. In the whole trial period, feed consumption and mortality were no affected by addition of Musculaton® to drinking water compared control group. As regards carcass parameters, the addition Musculaton® in drinking water significantly decreased (p <0.05) abdominal fat weight and significantly increased (p <0.05) breast proportion. Carcass yield and thigh proportion were not affected (p >0.05) by the application of Musculaton®. The liver, pancreas, kidney and small intestine proportions were significantly higher (p <0.05) in chickens supplemented by Musculaton®. In case of neck, crop, heart, proventriculus, gizzard, caecum and large intestine weights among control and experimental groups we observed no statistically significant differences (p >0.05).

This research was conducted on 147 cows of purebred Montbéliarde dairy cattle during their first to seventh lactation. On average, each dairy cow provided 161 values on live weight during lactation via the automatic milking system (AMS). The average live weight of a dairy cow of said herd was 699.94 kg, the daily milk yield was 33.67 kg on average and the average day of lactation (DIM) was 111.75. This research discovered a statistically significant decrease of live weight in dairy cattle before the 60th day of lactation in every observed lactation. On the contrary, the changes in live weight in the last 60 days of standardized lactation proved to be inconclusive. Between days 60 and 240 of the lactation, an increase of live weight of varying intensities was observed, mainly in cows who had undergone less lactation cycles in the past. Similarly, the research has proven an impact of the number of lactation cycles the cow has undergone in the past on the live weight of the cow during the first, second and third lactation (645.21 kg, 700.35 kg and 752.10 kg respectively). On the contrary, there was no conclusive difference in live weight between the third and more lactation cycles. The results have also shown that the changes in live weight during lactation were significantly different in first-calf heifers, as opposed to cows after more lactation cycles, similarly to the differences in milk yield.

The climate in the Czech Republic is mild, transient between oceanic and continental, with a typical alternation of 4-year periods. The continental climate is characterized by high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter. During the extreme fluctuation of microclimatic conditions in the stable, there is also a change in individual reproductive indicators due to disruption of hormonal secretion, which further affects individual physiological processes, thus worsening conception or milder manifestations of heat, which we currently try to detect by neck responders and other modern systems.The experiment analyzed the effect of the average monthly temperature and humidity in the stable on the percentage of pregnant cows, in 2017 without the use of neck responders and in 2019, when all cows already had a neck responder. Monitoring was performed in 2017 and 2019 on the private farm GenAgro Říčany, a.s. (GPS 49 ° 12'32.319 "N, 16 ° 23'42.666" V). The values of average temperatures and relative humidity were calculated from 15-minute interval recordings of HOBO brand data loggers (Onset), which were placed in the stable, at the height at the withers of the cows without the possibility of influencing the measurements by the cows themselves. The object of monitoring was a herd of approximately 700 cows of Czech Fleckvieh Simmental various lactations. Data on the conception of cows were obtained both from the monthly reports of the breeding organization and from the data of the breeder.Thermal stress can have a long-lasting effect observable for weeks or months after the summer. This is also evidenced by the results of the work, which shows the worsening conception of cows, especially in late summer and autumn. At the same time, the results show a positive effect of the used neck responders, which help with the detection of heat and thus improve the reproduction of the whole herd.

High-yielding dairy cows have several critical periods during lactation. These include the drying period, parturition, postpartum period and the first 100 days of lactation. The mineral profile displays the balanced feed ration appropriate for the category. Therefore, investigation of serum mineral profile of dry cows and cows in 12th week after calving was the aim of this study. In this work 12 high producing Holstein Friesian dairy cows from dairy farm were used. The analysed elements Ca2+, P, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and chlorides (Cl-) were determined at 4th week after drying and during 12th week after calving. The data obtained were compared with the standard for dairy cows. Compared to reference interval, before calving 8 and after calving 5 cows had hypocalcaemia. Hypophosphatemia was detected for 2 cows before calving and 3 after calving. For the other elements Na, K, Mg2+ and chlorides (Cl-) no deviations from the reference intervals were found. In blood serum mineral profile between dry cows and cows in 12th week of lactation significant differences were found for Mg Cl- (increase) and K (decrease). Results shown, that main problem of dry and lactating cows was the hypocalcaemia and partly the hypophosphatemia.

The objective of this study was to analyse costs and incomes from milk/cheese and lamb production in dairy sheep flocks and to evaluate their economic efficiency by calculating the profit/loss that is expressed as the difference between these two economic indicators. Costs were calculated taking into account their individual item structure, revenues were calculated taking into account sales of milk/cheese and lamb production. The analysis included three-year period i.e. years 2017, 2018 and 2019. The object of investigations were twelve and thirteen dairy sheep flocks per year, respectively. Economic indicators were expressed in Eur per feeding day (costs) and/or in Eur per ewe and year (costs, sales, subsidies, profit/loss). Milk and lamb sales did not cover up costs spent on production and accounting for subsidy improved economic efficiency of dairy sheep only to a lower extent. Sheep farming thus produced with the loss. Across years, milk and lamb sales almost unchanged, whereas costs notably increased. No ability to cover up costs with revenues could become an obstacle for further survival of this livestock sector. The increase of both milk yield and lamb production is therefore needed.

The objective of this study was to analyse eight milk yield and longevity traits in dependence on feeding (grazing) system. Data of purebred Slovak Spotted dairy cows (35,812 heads) culled in the period between 2006 and 2019 were evaluated. Only herds those feeding (grazing) system was known were taken into account. Dairy cows were assigned to four groups: (1) heifers not grazed, cows not grazed (17,628 heads), (2) heifers grazed, cows not grazed (13,056 heads), (3) heifers not grazed, cows grazed (156 heads) and (4) heifers grazed, cows grazed (4,972 heads). The highest average 305-day milk yield (6,139.22 kg) and lifetime milk yield (18,606.78 kg) were found in animals of group (1). Contrariwise, longevity traits were found more favourable in animals of group (4). Their productive life was by 102.78 days longer and average parity was by 0.14 higher in comparison to group (1). The differences between groups were found significant.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex on selected fattening, carcass and qualitative veal parameters of Slovak Simmental breed. The comparison was carried out on the 8 male and the 8 female animals. The animals were reared under the same housing conditions and were fed with grass hay (ad libitum), feed straw and calves feed concentrate, and had a free access to the fresh water. The fattening period started from about 70 days of age to required final weight. Length of the fattening period was 180 days. The slaughter and carcass composition, carcass yield, qualitative, physical and technological characteristics of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle were studied. We found a significantly higher proportion of bones and a significantly higher proportion of separable fat in the carcass half in males. Higher proportion of meat were found in females. At the heifers was found, although not significantly, a higher proportion of internal fat (rumen, intestinal, kidney, pelvic). Significantly different pH measured 24 hours post mortem was found between males and females (P<0.01). Parameter of meat colour – lightness was higher identified in male calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem. Higher redness value was identified in female calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem.

The aim of this study was to evaluate lactose in relation to milk production and calving interval in dairy cows of Slovak Spotted cattle. A total of 92,730 lactations from 45,800 dairy cows evaluation from 2015 to 2019 were used for investigating lactose percentage (LP), milk yield (MY), lactose yield (LY), fat percentage (FP), proteins percentage (PP) and calving interval (CI). Data were analysed using the SAS version 9.4 and linear model with fixed effects: herd-years-season (HYS), sire (S), breeding type (BT), coding of milk (Cod-MY) and coding of calving interval (Cod-CI). In the dataset the average of LP was 4.77±0.20 %, while the one of MY, LY, FP, PP and CI were 6,778.53±2,014.18 kg, 325.27±100.45 kg, 3.96±0.47 %, 3.39±0.23 % and 406.66±91.09 days. The correlation of LP with MY, LY, FP, PP and CI was equal to r = 0.1712, r = 0.3157, r = 0.0546, r = 0.1852 and r = -0.0147. These correlation coefficients were statistically highly significant P <0.0001. Among all fixed effects in the analysis of variance of LP, the most relevant effect was observed for HYS (P<.0001).

The relationship between source and sink affects the accumulation of grain dry matter in crops such as wheat. Wheat is a plant of high economic importance. The leaves are known as the source due to the production of photosynthetic materials. Photosynthetic materials made by the leaves are stored inside the seeds and the seeds are called the sink. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of defoliation intensity and spikelet removal on seed yield, yield components, and germination traits of produced seeds in wheat. At the field experiment, studied factors included defoliation intensities (removal of 0, ½, and all leaves per plant) and spikelet removal (½ spikelet removal, no spikelet removal). Seeds produced under maternal plant conditions were assessed at the laboratory experiment. Results showed that wheat, Pishtaz cultivar, reacted to source and sink manipulation. Complete defoliation with ½ spikelet removal causes dramatically reduction of stem and leaf weight and spike weight. Under no leaf removal, ½ spikelet removal reduced wheat seed yield. Defoliation intensity and ½ spikelet removal had no significant effect on seed germination traits. Wheat, cv. Pishtaz had little ability in changing seed size as one of the factors of sink strength under high photosynthate so the cultivar is more sink- than source- limited.

Investigation of the effect of autumn nitrogen dose, in comparison to nitrogen fertilization without autumn dose, on rapeseed yield, oil content and oil production was the main aim of the experiment. The plot scale experiment was conducted during three experimental years 2013 – 2016 in terms of agricultural cooperative in Mojmírovce. The experiment consisted of three treatments of nitrogen fertilization. The block method of experimental plot size of 600 m2 was used in this experiment. It was tested in triplicate. The total dose of nitrogen was 240 kg ha-1. Both treatments were fertilized during spring in phonological growth stages BBCH 20, 30 and 51. There was applied autumn nitrogen dose in BBCH 15 at treatment 2. Considering the weather conditions of the previous year, a significant effect of autumn nitrogen dose was not expected in this experiment. Results were predictably, significantly influenced by different weather conditions. The experimental year 2013/2014 was wetter and warmer than the other two experimental years. The highest average yield of seed, 3.63 t ha-1 was reached at treatment 3 without any autumn nitrogen application. The average oil content fluctuated from 44.36 % to 45.09 %. The highest average oil content 46.72 % was observed in weather more favourable the experimental year 2013/2014. Although the highest average oil production of treatment 3 reached 1625.04 kg ha-1, the difference in oil production between treatments with and without an autumn dose of nitrogen was not statistically significant, similarly as yield. The highest average oil production was statistically significant in the experimental year 2013/2014.