Všechny tituly 399 výsledků

The critical period of weed interference in groundnut was investigated in 2018 and 2019 early cropping seasons at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The experiment consisted of ten treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Treatments includes keeping plots weed free initially for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 weeks after planting (WAP) and keeping plots weed infested initially for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 WAP. Data collected on weed cover score, weed dry matter production, crop vigour score, canopy spread, pod yield and numbers were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using least significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that total weed dry matter production increased with weed infestation period and decreased with weed free period. Also, there was significant increase in pod yield and count when plots were kept weed free for 6 WAP and more. Our findings showed that, the highest percent weed accumulation, weed removal, pod yield loss and pod yield gain all occured between 3 and 6 WAP. Therefore, the critical period of weed interference in groundnut is between 3 and 6 WAP. Also, there was 83.4% pod yield loss in groundnut when weed was allowed to compete freely with the crop throught crop life cycle.

Genetic diversity of selected 21 colombo lemon (Colombo limon L.) genotypes were evaluated through multivariate analysis and also through covariance matrix to identify the promising parents for an auspicious crossing program for development of location specific high yielding genotypes. To view the endurance of significant heterogeneity, the genetic constitution of selected 21 genotypes were classified into four clusters (I, II, III & IV). Among them, the assemblage cluster II dominated the maximum number of genetic constitution, whereas assemblage cluster I possessed minimum number of genetic constitution. Surrounded by the genetic constitution, the first principal axis largely affords 47.1% of the variation. Inter genotypic gap was observed the highest (13.82) between the genetic constitution in both ‘CL002’ and ‘CL017’ genotypes, followed by genotypes ‘CL002’ and ‘CL019’. The maximum intracluster distance was noticed (23.33) for cluster IV, whereas cluster III showed the lowest intracluster distance (10.62). In between assemblage clusters I and IV showed the highest interassemblage distance (165.64), while the lowest distance (44.84) was estimated between II and III assemblages. Considering the cluster mean bulky fruit remarked in cluster IV (256.00 g). Besides these the highest fruit yield plant-1 was also recorded in cluster IV (20.50 kg). In respect of both quantitative parameters, assemblage IV was quite diverse compare with all other assemblages. Contemplating the immensity of genetic distance and quantitative performance the genotypes ‘CL002’, ‘CL005’, ‘CL006’ and ‘CL011’ from cluster IV obviously pertinent for productive crossing program to promote high yielding colombo lemon genotypes.

This study determines the impact of agroforestry practices on food production, income generation and poverty reduction among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Both descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages as well as inferential statistics such as Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) analysis were used in the study. It was discovered that the propensity score distribution and common support for propensity score estimation shows the results from the covariate balancing tests both before and after matching in which the treatment (adopters) and comparison (non-adopters) groups are said to be balanced. The result of the impact of the adoption of agroforestry practices on farmers’ income from the PSM analysis shows that the adoption produces a positive and significant impact on the farmers’ income, while the result of the impact of the adoption on farmers’ output was found to be negative, though not significant. This could be attributed to improper adoption or practices of the technologies by the farmers. It was also discovered that about 27% of the adopters fell below the poverty line ($183.25) and were therefore regarded as poor while about 67% of the non-adopters fell below the poverty line ($102.21) and can therefore be described as poor. FGT poverty index was then used to show the extent of poverty among the farming households and it was found that the adopters of agroforestry technology were faring better than the non-adopters of agroforestry technology.

The breeding studies targeted to develop high yielding varieties in maize have led to a decrease in genetic variation in secondary biochemical components. Local maize landraces are important genetic sources for these components. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic variation for phytic acid and total phenolic compounds within 192 Turkish maize landraces. The plant material was grown during the summer season of 2017 in Çanakkale, with the inclusion of 7 check hybrids. The field trial used an Augmented Experimental Design, with 6 blocks, each one containing 32 landraces and 7 check hybrids. Phytic acid and total phenolics were detected spectrophotometrically in the seeds of landraces propagated by bulk pollination. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and some genetic estimations (coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance) were calculated for the observed traits. Results of data analysis suggest that there is a considerable genetic variation among the investigated genetic materials. The phytic acid content was found between 0.82–4.87 mg g-1 and the total phenolic content was between 0.03–1.99%. For both traits, genetic variation in local maize landraces was observed to be wider than check varieties. The promising materials among landraces may have potential use in the future breeding programs for manipulating the levels of phytic acid and phenolic compounds. According to the calculations made for the inheritance of the traits, it was determined that the heritability in phytic acid content was higher (56.2%) than those for the total phenolics. Genetic gain calculations showed that genetic improvement can be achieved by selection for both investigated traits.

Slovak Spotted cattle represents an endangered breed with cultural importance in Slovakia. The study was based on the panel of 34,604 SNPs that were used for genotyping of 451 individuals. We used a combination of two arrays Illumina BovineSNP50v2 BeadChip and ICBF International Dairy and Beef v3, for estimation of gene flow and genetic drift. Based on the admixture results, a gene flow network across the analysed breeds was created. Our result showed that the Jersey population was involved in the grading-up of the analysed breeds. Analysed breeds were not confirmed to influence genetic make-up of Jersey. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis of the six cattle breeds revealed that Jersey is separated from the others. In contrast, the other breeds showed a close relationship with each other according to the maximum‐likelihood tree. Migration edges reached weight values below 0.2, apart the one observed among the Ayrshire/Swiss Simmental breeds into Jersey (0.4), reflecting that the donor population has made a significant contribution to the recipient population.

Protein ratio and amino acid composition vary considerably in maize according to the level of opacity. In this study, the total protein content, amounts of some essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) and quantitative and qualitative variation of protein fractions in maize seed samples separated according to different opacity levels were investigated. In the study, 6 local maize landraces with opaque kernel structure and 3 standards were used. The field trial was carried out in 2021 according to the complete blocks trial design with 3 replications. Samples of local maize landraces from the field experiment were separated on a light table according to 5 different opacity levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Protein content, lysine and tryptophan contents, albumin + globulin, glutelin and zein contents were analyzed in the samples separated by their opacity. In addition, protein fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and the changes in protein bands according to opacity level were examined. Differences between genotypes, opacity levels and their interaction were illustrated with box plot and PCA-Biplots. Two-way dendrograms were created for qualitative discrimination. The results of the study showed that there were significant changes in protein amount and quality according to the opacity levels of the genotypes. The protein contents of the genotypes were 5.95–10.22%, lysine contents 0.33–0.46%, tryptophan contents 0.032–0.083%, albumin + glubulin contents 1.92–2.72%, glutelin contents 0.64–1.08%, and zein contents 1.59–1.99%. There was a significant difference in presence or absence according to the opacity levels in the protein fractions.

Despite the critical role played by roots for the acquisition of water and nutrients from the soil, especially in stressful conditions; root characteristics are rarely utilized as selection criteria to improve nutrient uptake efficiency in maize breeding programs. In this study, seedlings of twelve Algerian maize populations with two commercial maize hybrids were evaluated to: (i) study the phenotypic variation of nine root traits under low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN) levels and (ii) determine root traits accounting for most of the phenotypic variation among the evaluated populations. High phenotypic diversity was observed for all studied traits under both N levels. Under LN conditions, seedlings adapt by rapidly increasing their root systems to exploit nitrogen (N) resources, resulting in significant increases in primary root length (PRL), seminal root length (SRL), seminal root number (SRN), and total root length (TRL). Conversely, shoot dry weight (SDW) decreased. The first two principal components explained 73.46 and 74.82% of the total variation among the maize populations under LN and HN conditions, respectively. Thus, root dry weight (RDW) and TRL were major contributors of the phenotypic variation. In addition, RDW and TRL were significantly correlated with most of the other traits under both N levels. Therefore, during the seedling stage, RDW and TRL can be used as favorable selection criteria. This diversity gives opportunities for enhancing N use efficiency, potentially leading to reducing N fertilizer requirements. As a result, this can contribute to reduce input costs and maintaining environmental quality.

Lentil (Lens culinaris Med is an important dietary source of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals and vitamins. The nutritional status of four lentil Algerians cultivars (Metropol, Idleb1, Syrie229 and Ibla), were accessed. Carbohydrate composition, Crude proteins, Fibre, Dry matter, Fats and Ashes were determined. The culinary qualities and sensory analysis are respectively based on cooking time and tasting tests which carried out with 28 samples of consumers. The highest protein contents were recorded in Metropol (24.38 %) followed by Idleb1 (22.87 %). Ibla presented the highest fibre content (06.11 %) and the lowest value was recorded in Idleb1 (4.01 %). The highest carbohydrate contents were shown by Ibla and Metropol with 74.43 % and 62.40 % respectively. However, syrie229 and exhibit the lowest value with 11.91 %. Descriptive sensory analysis of prepared samples showed that all extruded treatments were similar to each other. By applying statistical techniques, consumer acceptability testing (4-point hedonic scale) indicated that there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in acceptability among the selected treatments. This study contributes to the available information concerning nutritional quality of Algerian lentil varieties before and after cooking and their sensory characterization. The current results can be assured of enhanced nutrient potential and sensory quality of lentil.

The water quality of the Razdan reservoir was assessed using hydrobiological, hydrochemical and microbiological methods in different seasons of the year. As a result of studies at three observation stations, it was found that at the outlet of the reservoir, in almost all the seasons under study, the quality of water does not meet the accepted standards used for agricultural irrigation. This is a consequence of the increase in organic pollution of the reservoir due to seasonal fluctuations in its water level in different seasons, leading to significant changes in temperature and concentration of biogenic substances. PCA analysis of bacterial counts, algal cell counts, and water chemistry showed that a total of 65.4% of the data variance was explained by the two principal components. In total, only two different groups showed factor loadings >0.1. The highest abundance of S_20 and Bacillariophyta species may be related to the typical August environmental conditions. In contrast, the high abundance of S_37 and E. coli may depend on the nitrogen availability in autumn (October and November). Such comprehensive studies of reservoirs allow for a more accurate assessment of the quality of their water. At the same time, not all water quality indicators may exceed the accepted standards. However, the appearance of even some indicators exceeding these standards may become a significant argument for developing recommendations for reviewing the possibilities of using reservoirs for agricultural needs.

We conducted a long term experiment (set up in 1983) to examine the effects of fertilization and plant density on SPAD and LAI values as well as yield in 2017 and 2018, in two maize hybrids (Sushi, Fornad) in chernozem soil. Hybrid yields varied between 10.2– 16.7 t ha-1 in 2017 and between 9.3–15.9 t ha-1 in 2018, depending on fertilization doses and plant density. The hybrids had SPADmax values in early July (55.5–60.4 in 2017 and 54.9–63.9 in 2018), whereas they got LAImax values in early July (3.0–5.3 m2 m-2 in 2017) and early August (3.5–4.4 m2 m-2 in 2018). Research data evaluated by Pearson correlation calculations proved that fertilization was the main factor that had a significant effect on SPAD and LAI values in the different maize phenophases (r = 0.6**–0.8** for SPAD, r = 0.5**–0.8** for LAI). Correlation among plant density, hybrid and SPAD and LAI values showed very weak correlations in both years (r = 0.1–0.3). The yield of the maize hybrids was most significantly affected by fertilizer in 2017 (r = 0.672**) and plant density in 2018 (r = 0.517**).

The identification of necrophagous individuals on a dead body is most often associated with forensic practice and the field of forensic entomology. Insects are found on a dead body depending on climatic conditions, with the seasons naturally accelerating the decomposition of tissues, and successive waves gradually reducing the amount of soft tissue remaining. The aim of this work was to compare the composition of the necrophagous invertebrate species occurring on the different carcasses (Gallus gallus vs. Sus scrofa f. domestica). A second objective was to evaluate which of the identification tools comparing COI gene sequences is currently more appropriate for barcoding and whether there are significant differences in the results of the BOLD and BLAST identification tools between the samples examined. Molecular determination was done using Sanger sequencing of the COI fragment of mitochondrial DNA. In total, 96 individuals and 13 species were identified in the Gallus gallus carcass and 50 individuals and 17 species on the Sus scrofa (f. domestica) carcass. Calliphora vomitoria was determined as most abundant species in both carcasses. The reliability of the BOLD and BLAST identification methods is comparably high

The high dietetic value of common pheasant venison is revealed in many researches. The aim of that paper was to evaluate the basic chemical composition of farmed pheasant venison. Protein, collagen, fat and water content in skinned meat of both sexes were subjected to analyses. Different body portion as breast muscle and leg muscle were compared as well. FoodScan LAB Analyzer was used to determine the evaluated meat traits. Significantly higher content of collagen and fat was observed in leg meat, comparing to breast portion due to the structure of meat. Contrary, expressive differences were detected in content of protein and water, with significantly higher values in breast portion. The cock´s meat shows higher content of collagen and water comparing to hen´s meat while hens show higher content of fat. The content of protein shows only small differences between sexes.

The effect of a slow pyrolisys biochar on the watercress (Lepidium sativum L) root growth, on the sandy loam Albic Luvisol water retention, leachate acidity and mineral nitrogen leaching were studied in a six-week laboratory experiment. The experiment included four treatments: control soil; soil + biochar (20 t ha-1); soil + fertiliser (120 kg N ha-1); soil + biochar (20 t ha-1) + fertiliser (120 N kg ha-1). Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) was sown to all the experimental pots. The soil in the pots was regularly watered to keep the water content at the field capacity level. When the wheat plants were strong with well-developed root systems, mineral fertiliser was added to the soil in liquid form according to the experiment setup. On the days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 41 after the fertilizer application high rates of water (400 cm3) were applied to the soil. The leachate was collected and was tested for acidity (pH), available nitrogen in ammonium (N-NH4+) and nitrate (N-NO3−) forms. The water retention capacity of the soil samples was measured at water potentials between -5, and -300 kPa. The results have shown that the extract from the biochar had a stimulating effect on the watercress root growth. Water-holding capacity of the sandy loam Albic Luvisol was increasing after biochar application only at water potentials of –5 kPa and –10 kPa that corresponded to the soil capillary water. The studied biochar did not help in preventing N-NO3− or N-NH4+ leaching from sandy loam Albic Luvisol.

β-carotene has many important functions in the body: as a precursor of vitamin A, it works as antioxidant and affects the fertility of cows. This paper presents the results of measurements of the content of β-carotene in the blood serum of cows from different farms in Slovenia. Blood samples of cows (n = 604) from 176 farms with impaired fertility were analysed for β-carotene content using Yudkin's photometric method. The descriptive statistics and the proportion of samples that deviated from the reference values were calculated. Influence of month of sampling and farm on β-carotene level was studied as well. The median value of β-carotene in the investigated samples was 5.02 mg/L (minimum 0.63 mg/L, maximum 16.10 mg/L) and was within the reference range. In 32.8% of cow samples, the content of β-carotene was below the reference value (4.0 mg/L). According to the results, we believe that this is not a negligible problem in Slovenian farms, and that it is advisable to control β-carotene status in cows, especially in herds where fertility is impaired and in farms where the composition of the diet indicates the possibility of β-carotene deficiency.

The studies aimed to compare bioaccumulation and translocation of macronutrients from roots to above-ground organs for six species of herbaceous plants (Taraxacum officinale, Rumex acetosa L., Plantago major L., Plantago lanceolata, Potentilla anserina L. and Hypericum perforatum L.) growing in the area of the Sławno Plain, northern Poland. Soil and plant samples were collected in June 2015 from 30 locations (five replications per species) and analysed using standard procedures, including content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Mean contents of elements in the soil, roots and above-ground organs were calculated based on the results obtained. The content of organic carbon and pH were additionally determined in soil samples. The studied soils have been developed from silty-clayey glaciolacustrine deposits. They were characterised by acid and strongly acid reaction and contained from 9.5 to 28.7 g kg-1 of organic carbon. They were relatively abundant in nitrogen (1.44-1.87 g kg-1) and potassium (4.30-5.34 g kg-1), whereas poor in phosphorus (0.41-0.57 g kg-1), calcium (1.63-2.84 g kg-1) and magnesium (3.21-4.08 g kg-1). The content of these elements in roots and above-ground parts of the studied plants was usually higher as compared to the soil. It was typical for herbs, reflecting their physiological demands. Only K occurred in higher amounts. The observed contents of nutrients suggest sufficient supply. The lowest bioaccumulation factors in roots were noticed for Hypericum perforatum L. (for N, P, Ca and Mg) or Rumex acetosa L. (for K) and the highest for Plantago major L. (for N, P, K and Ca) or Rumex acetosa L. (for Ca). In above-ground organs weakest bioaccumulation occurred in Hypericum perforatum L. (for K, Ca and Mg), Rumex acetosa L. (for P) or Potentilla anserina L. (for N) and the strongest in Plantago major L. (for N and Ca), Taraxacum officinale (for K and Mg) or Plantago lanceolate (for P). The values of translocation factors from roots to above-ground organs ranged from 1.3 to 3.1 for nitrogen, from 0.8 to 2.0 for phosphorus, from 1.3 to 3.3 for potassium, from 1.1 to 3.7 for calcium and from 1.1 to 3.1 for magnesium. Potassium and calcium were strongly translocated in Taraxacum officinale, whereas nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium in Hypericum perforatum L.

The aims of experiment were to determinate the values of bioactive compounds and fatty acid profile in white dried grape pomace Vitis vinifera “Pinot Gris”. Grape pomace originated from winery of the University farm Kolíňany, centre Oponice. The dry matter and crude fat content was determined after the preparation of samples. The dried grape pomace contained 94.2% of dry matter and 8.40% of crude fat. This research was conducted on antiradical activity (DPPH), total polyphenols, total phelinolic acids, total flavanoids and fatty acid profile. The results confirmed that the grape pomace is considerable source of bioactive compounds, with high antioxidant activity, value of total phenolic acids and total polyphenols. From fatty acids profile are grape pomace significant source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly essential linoleic acid (68.62 g 100 g-1 of fatty acids). They are characterized by wide ratio of n6/n3 fatty acids.

Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum. Cours species of Saudi Arabia are a potential source of unique bioactives and chemical compounds due to the extreme environmental conditions under which the plants adapted to grow. These phytochemicals make the native Helianthemum lippii possibly interesting plant to investigate. In this study GC-MS analysis has been conducted to identify the most abundant phytochemical compounds in H.lippii methanolic extract. In total, 53 compounds have been identified in the studied extract. The identified phytochemicals included 6 compounds with eminent pharmatheotical importance recorded in relatively high percentage in the studied extracts, including Chloroform (0.29%) , Benzeneethanol- Phenylethyl Alcohol (5.94%), 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl) 2,2-Dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (1.04), Mebutamate (3.40%), Spermatheridine (1.17%) and Ethyl isoallocholate (1.13%) , Oxirane, [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenoxy]methyl] (5.0 %). The resault of this study could provide additional clues about figuring out the formula of biomolecular therapy in future drug studies.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of an ecological and an integrated management systems within the cultivated crops of Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba with Medicago sativa on the biodiversity of epigeic groups, in the Nitra-Dolná Malanta location, during the years 2019 and 2020, using the ground trap method. 27,987 specimens of the epigeic group of animals were obtained, 15,654 in the ecological system and 12,333 were in the integrated management system. Evertebrates belonged to 23 orders, 1 order Vertebrata and 1 undetermined group Larvae. Coleoptera, Collembola, Acarina, Formicoidae, Araneida had dominant occurrence. Subdominant representation was recorded in Opilionida. Recedent, or the subrecedent occurrence of Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera, Chilopoda, Isopoda, Lumbricidae and others was confirmed, which contributed to the biodiversity of the agroecosystem. Grown crops Pisum sativum and Hordeum vulgare showed the highest abundance, Vicia faba with Medicago sativa had the lowest abundance in both management systems. The diversity value in ecological management was 1.9479 and 2.1229 in integrated management. Faunal similarity according to Jaccard, when comparing individual types of management, reached a value of 86.96%. The value for identity of dominance according to Renkonnen was 84.66%. The ecological management system confirmed the suitability of the environmental conditions in terms of the occurrence of epigeic groups, taking into account other factors such as sowing procedure, intensity of management, agro-climatic conditions of the site, but also prevailing intraspecies and interspecies relations.

This experiment was carried out at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm during the late and early planting seasons of 2011 and 2012 to determine the efficacy of Moringa oleifera(L) and Anacardium occidentales(L) extracts on major insect pests of pests of watermelon and their effects on fatty acid compound of watermelon. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated three times. Each of the plant extracts was applied at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 20%). Gas chromatography was used to determine the level of fatty acid composition.The results clearly showed that the applied plant extracts exhibited insecticidal action against the Aulocophora africana (Weise) and Dacus cucurbitae(Coquillet). Meanwhile, M. oleifera proved to be more effective than cashew nut extracts in the control of the observed insects. Although, none of these plant extracts significantly(P<0.05) performed better than synthetic insecticide (Lambdacyhalothrin) against the studied insects during the raining season but plant extracts treated fruits had higher number of fatty acid compounds than that of synthetic insecticide. Therefore, the use of plant extracts in the management of insect pests of watermelon in organic farming improved the nutritional contents of watermelon fruit.

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of medicinal plants (Artemisia absinthium and Malva sylvestris) as feed supplements on blood parameters, and local immune responses in the abomasum of Haemonchus contortus infected lambs. Twenty-four lambs were infected orally with 5000 L3 larvae of H. contortus and subsequently randomly divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (UNS), animals with A. absinthium (ART), animals with M. sylvestris (MAL), and animals with a mix of two plants (ARTMAL). During the experiment, samples of blood were taken for evaluation of hemoglobin and albumin levels. All animals were humanely killed after 75 days of the experiment, and abomasum tissue samples were taken for histopathology. The hemoglobin concentration in the blood was influenced by time (p< 0.001) and in all groups decreased until day 45. The serum albumin levels were influenced by treatment (p< 0.05) and time (p< 0.001) and in all groups occurred reduction until the end of the experiment compared to day 15. The number of plasma cells was higher in ARTMAL compared to MAL (p< 0.05). UNS and ART had significantly higher numbers of mast cells compared to MAL (p< 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The regeneration of abomasal tissue was most frequent in ARTMAL. The results showed that dietary supplementation by A. absinthium and M. sylvestris did not positively affected blood parameters but influenced local immune response in the abomasum of H. contortus infected sheep.