„ai“ 348 výsledků

The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the health status reflected in haematological and biochemical traits of the blood, reproductive performance and bone quality of rabbit does on first parturition housed in several housing systems with or without mirrors. The animals were randomly allocated into 6 experimental groups: pens with soil covered by deep litter with the possibility of digging burrows (A), pens with soil covered by deep litter with the possibility of digging burrows enriched with a mirror (B), pens with plastic slatted floor with elevated resting area (C), pens with plastic slatted floor with elevated resting area enriched with a mirror (D), combi-park system (E) and combi-park system enriched with a mirror (F). Litter size after birth and the number of weaned kits was found to be highest in group A, D, E and F compared to other groups. However, the biochemistry analyses showed every investigated trait as significantly affected by housing conditions except the UREA and CHOL, it has to be stated that values of the blood traits were in accordance with the reference values of rabbits. The effect of housing system on tibia and femur characteristics was found to be significant in fracture toughness, where the lowest value of this trait was detected in group E and F compared to other groups in both investigated bones. According to these findings, it is possible to recommend every tested housing system from a health point of view for farmers dealing with alternative housing systems.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term consumption of 100% sea buckthorn juice (SBJ) affects serum lipids and body composition in hypercholesterolemic women. The study included 31 non-medicated adult women aged 40 to 56 years (average age 49.86 ± 5.98 years). In this intervention study, volunteers received 50 mL of 100% bio commercial SBJ every day for 4-week period. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were monitored before and after 4 weeks of consumption of SBJ. Body composition was determined using an multifrequency analyzer InBody720. Routine biochemical analyzes were performed by standard methods in an accredited laboratory of the University Hospital by automatic biochemical analyzer BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. Supplementation with 100% SBJ increased high-density cholesterol (P <0.05) and decreased low-density cholesterol (P >0.05). There was also a positive decrease in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P <0.01) and C-reactive protein (P <0.001). We observed a significant weight loss (P <0.05), body fat (P <0.01), body mass index (P <0.05) and visceral fat area (P <0.01). The obtained results show that the daily consumption of SBJ for 4 weeks represents a possible prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypercholesterolemic women without pharmacotherapy.

Lentil (Lens culinaris Med is an important dietary source of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals and vitamins. The nutritional status of four lentil Algerians cultivars (Metropol, Idleb1, Syrie229 and Ibla), were accessed. Carbohydrate composition, Crude proteins, Fibre, Dry matter, Fats and Ashes were determined. The culinary qualities and sensory analysis are respectively based on cooking time and tasting tests which carried out with 28 samples of consumers. The highest protein contents were recorded in Metropol (24.38 %) followed by Idleb1 (22.87 %). Ibla presented the highest fibre content (06.11 %) and the lowest value was recorded in Idleb1 (4.01 %). The highest carbohydrate contents were shown by Ibla and Metropol with 74.43 % and 62.40 % respectively. However, syrie229 and exhibit the lowest value with 11.91 %. Descriptive sensory analysis of prepared samples showed that all extruded treatments were similar to each other. By applying statistical techniques, consumer acceptability testing (4-point hedonic scale) indicated that there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in acceptability among the selected treatments. This study contributes to the available information concerning nutritional quality of Algerian lentil varieties before and after cooking and their sensory characterization. The current results can be assured of enhanced nutrient potential and sensory quality of lentil.

The value of soybean varieties in terms of general combining ability (GCA), constants of specific combining ability (SCA) and their variances in terms of productivity elements in two-tester top-cross crossings were determined. Differentiating ability of Hoverla and KyVin testers was revealed. The degree and frequency of positive transgressions in hybrid populations were established.There were established high effects of general combining ability by plant height and height of attachment of lower beans in Sawyer 2-95 variety and KyVin tester; by the number of productive units in Sawyer 2-95 variety and Hoverla tester; by pod number per plant in Sawyer 2-95 and Kyivska 97 and Hoverla tester; by seed number per plant in Kyivska 97 and Medea varieties and Hoverla tester; by 1,000 seed weight in Sawyer 2-95 and Kyivska 97 varieties and Hoverla tester; by seed weight per plant in Medea and Kyivska 97 varieties and Hoverla tester; in terms of yield in Medea variety and Hoverla tester. It was found that additive effects of genes were dominating in genetic control of the traits of plant height, height of attachment of lower beans, number of productive nodes, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, 1,000 seed weight, seed productivity and yield, the share of non-additive effects of the gene interaction was lower, however, it was also reliable. Analysis of dominance indicators revealed combinations of crosses that were distinguished by overdominance of these traits and had significant breeding value: Sawyer 2-95 × Hoverla, Kyivska 97 × Hoverla, Medea × Hoverla.

The aim of the study was to determine concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen (N-NO3-, N-NH4+, N-NO2-) in the Bocegaj creek and Kolínany pond, the impact of the wastewater treatment plant on the water quality in the pond, to identify the sources of pollution in the creek during the year of 2014. Water sampling was carried out at regular monthly intervals periodically from January to October, from six sampling points. During the time horizon, all four seasons alternated, which was also reflected in the change of the concentrations of individual forms of nitrogen. It was found that the water in the Kolínany pond did not meet the recommended value (N-NH4+, N-NO2-) and the limit value (N-NH4+) specified by the government regulation of national low. The main source of pollution was insufficiently purified water discharged from the Kolínany wastewater treatment plant.

This research was focused on a production potential of tall wheatgrass (TW) and perennial rye (PR) grown in marginal and contrasting soil climatic conditions under the following mineral nutrition: (a) intensive nutrition of 245.0 kg/ha NPK, (b) semi-intensive nutrition of 122.5 kg/ha NPK and (c) untreated control of 0.0 kg/ha NPK. The large-scale pilot field experiments with two varieties of TW: Szarvasi-1 and Alkar as PR: Kriszta and Gergő were carried out on 4 research sites during 4 years (2016/17 to 2019/20). Despite the contrasting soil conditions, yields were variously affected by (i) nutrition, (ii) site, (iii) variety and (iv) year (the order based on their F-ratios). A dry matter (DM) yield of 5.29 t/ha on average was found, it ranged from 0.01 to 13.46 t/ha. Average - minimal - maximal variety yields were as follows: Szarvasi-1 6.01 - 1.05 - 13.46 t/ha, Alkar 5.86 - 0.62 - 12.90 t/ha, Kriszta 5.06 - 0.01 - 13.21 t/ha and Gergő 4.25 - 0.05 - 10.60 t/ha. Under intensive or semi-intensive nutrition both crops are suitable for all types of tested marginal soils. TW better tolerated unexpected water-logging that occurred on Site-2 with heavy clay soil than PR, while PR is more suitable for light sandy soil. The following average DM yields were obtained under intensive nutrition on the most productive Site-3 with heavy soil: 11.77 t/ha Szarvasi-1, 10.14 t/ha Alkar, 8.01 t/ha Kriszta and 7.75 t/ha Gergő, whereas on Site-1 with light sandy soil under intensive nutrition the following average yields were achieved: 7.74 t/ha Gergő, 7.72 t/ha Kriszta, 6.29 t/ha Szarvasi-1 and 5.17 t/ha Alkar. PR had about 148 mm less precipitation on average when compared to TW (187 vs. 334 mm) because of earlier harvest time while the average daily temperature was lower by about 1.9 °C on average (16.3 vs. 18.2 °C). As to varieties Kriszta and Gergő, it is probably one of the first original research papers published and probably the first research based on large-scale experiments of PR from the time when it was recognized as an energy crop.

Keel bone damage (KBD) is a multifactorial problem. This problem applies to all types of housing systems, caged as well as cage-free systems, including free-range and organic. The common causes are in particular collisions with the elements of the environment, such as perches, as well as collisions between hens. Extremely high frequency and severity of damage adversely affects not only welfare of laying hens also their production and egg quality too. This article provides an overview of current knowledge about the occurrence of KBD, the causes of its occurrence and consequences for the quality of life of laying hens in intensive large-scale production conditions. In the introductory part, we describe what keel bone is, the high incidence and prevalence of the problem, which implies the importance of long-term dealing with this issue at the global level. In the next part, we deal with the factors that can cause the occurrence of KBD, the relationship between the occurrence of KBD and bone quality, nutrition with an emphasis on calcium, the relationship between KBD and welfare, individual housing systems, age, genotypes of hens, feathering, efficiency and quality of production of laying hens and in the final part section we present detection methods. As already mentioned, the occurrence of KBD is influenced by a number of factors, but due to the differences in the prevalence of this problem in different countries, further comprehensive research is needed. The deviations and fractures of the keel bone can have a negative impact on the welfare of laying hens, which will subsequently be reflected in the possible painfulness of feed intake, laying, product quality, which ultimately will always affect economic efficiency. The goal of long-term research should to try to reduce the incidence of these conditions, or their prevention. It is important to deal with genetic selection, nutrition, a very important area, as far as KBD is concerned, are the conditions of the breeding environment, especially the housing system and the elements that make up the equipment of the rearing and breeding area, as well as the standardization of the methods used to detect damage to the keel bone. Palpation, post-mortem palpation, multiple sensing technologies are used. Researcher training can significantly improve both the accuracy and reliability of assessment of sternal fractures and deviations. If the results of keel bone prevalence will be compared or combined between individual studies, all methods used to detect keel bone damage should be accurate, i.e. sufficient methodological details should be given for each study and the method of determining prevalence should be standardized.

This paper aims to provide an overview of the suckler beef cow production system in Slovakia and its implications for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and ammonia. The study collected data from 24 farms with a total of 3,745 sucker cows in 2021, representing a variety of breeding practices and breeds used for production of weaned calves. The results shown that the farms breeding Charolaise had the lowest proportion (0.61, n=8) of permanent grassland from all land managed in contrast to Pinzgau (0.73, n=2) or Limousine (0.76, n=9) in this database. Preference of winter calving season prevailed representing 38 % of all cows (12 farms, 1415 cows) which had achieved calving rate 0.82 ± 0.13 of calf per cow and calving interval 420±35 days. In the contrast, farms that were not specific about preferred calving season reached rate 0.73±0.14 of calf per cow and calving interval 407±26 days. Mean average daily gain was 0.978 ± 0.23 g day-1 and age at weaning 188±48 days. Emission factors were 15.15 ± 3.7, 109.7± 9.3 and 0.800±0.07 kg of ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide for cow per year. Present study helps to identify information gaps on various factors such as forage quality, grazing practices, feed rations, and reproductive stage. Data on these variables even from a relatively small number of farms would provide opportunities to overcome the challenges to evaluate on-farm GHG mitigations and their trade-offs.

In this study, we present the first data on the sexual dimorphism and diet of a typical desert lizard species, Scincus scincus, in the region of El-Oued, southeastern Algeria. The objective was to characterize the types of prey in the diet and determine whether there is a correlation between prey size and body size in males and females. The results obtained reveal that out of the 115 individuals captured (43 males and 72 females), sexual dimorphism is observed. Males tend to be larger than females, with males exhibiting relatively larger snout-vent length, head height, head length, and jaw length compared to females. However, no difference is recorded in terms of head width. The analysis of stomach contents allowed us to identify 485 prey items distributed among 9 prey categories, all attributed to insects. Coleoptera was the most commonly ingested prey category, accounting for 61.54% of stomachs, 59.79% of total prey items, and 62.41% of total volume. A similar diet was observed between females and males of S. scincus, with a high diet overlap (O = 0.99) and a low diversity of prey types ingested by both males (Ba = 0.17) and females (Ba = 0.19). Coleoptera represented the most dominant order in the skink's diet, followed by the Hymenoptera order. Generally, the remaining seven taxa were consumed in low proportions by both sexes. Additionally, we observed no significant difference between the number of prey consumed and the volume of prey between the sexes, and no correlation was found between morphometric characteristics, diet composition, and prey volume.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered the best way to manage plant viruses. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare curcumin (Cur) and curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) as protective materials against the Potato virus YNTN (PVYNTN). Besides, changes in gene expression and defensive enzymes in the potato plants treated and untreated were determined. The average CurNPs size at optimum conditions was about 45 nm and the zeta potential was negative (-18.1) determined by Zeta seizer. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed a smooth, spherical shape, and an almost homogenous nanoparticle structure. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of CurNPs was recorded. In the FTIR spectrum of CurNPs, peaks were observed at 1631, 1464, 1157, and 1073 cm-1. The potato plants treated with 10 mg/ml CurNPs+V recorded the highest significant reduction in percentage of disease severity (98%). Besides, treatment with CurNPs increased the rates of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the potatoes. On the other hand, SDS-PAGE showed clear variations in the content of the protein among potato plants treated with CurNPs or Cur and inoculated with PVYNTN, compared with the control. In addition, the plants sprayed with CurNPs or Cur pre-inoculation virus induced an increase or decrease in peroxidase (POX) activities. However, there were no substantial differences in activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes were recorded. Therefore, CurNPs could be used in potato breeding programs to control PVY.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of selected growing factors on the production, quality, and composition of fatty acids. The field small plot experiments were stablished on research-experimental base in Dolná Malanta in 2018 and 2019. Growing factors and experimental material used in this study were hybrids Carrera, SY Gracia, Marbelia CS and Reasun DS-5 grown by Clearfield and Clearfield Plus technology, and biostimulating preparations Florone (made from hydrolyzed plant proteins formulated with NPK) and Fertisilinn (foliar fertilizer with orthosilicic acid and micronutrients). Statistical analyzes confirmed the significant influence of the year on all monitored parameters of the experiment. For achieved yield and fatty acid content (oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) was more favorable experimental season of 2018. Experimental year 2019 was more suitable for creation of yield-forming elements, oil content, and linoleic acid content. Used hybrids significantly affected the head diameter, weight of thousand achenes, yield, oil content, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Significant differences between hybrids were achieved mainly in qualitative parameters (oil content, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids). The biostimulating preparations significantly affected yield-forming elements (head diameter, weight of head, and weight of thousand achenes), yield and quality (oil content, and all fatty acid composition), from which it follows that the application of biostimulating preparations affects the main production parameters, and the quality of the oil through fatty acid content. The very strong negative relationship (r=-0.9951; P < 0.01) in fatty acid composition between oleic and linoleic acid was found. In the other side very strong positive relation (r= 0.9882; P < 0.01) between number of plants and number of heads was recorded.

A better understanding of the soil seed bank system could help agricultural systems plan more effective weed control strategies. This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative soil weed seed bank composition in a cereal crop grown in northern-western Algeria under conventional farming systems and semi-arid conditions. The study was evaluated each autumn for three years (2018-2019-2020). Soil samples were collected from the field zone at each depth category (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, and 15-30 cm) and evaluated in a temperature-controlled greenhouse over six months using the seedling-emergence method. Several indexes were used to evaluate the seed bank density, diversity, and species composition. Thirty weed plants from seventeen families were recovered from the soil seed bank. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most dominant families. The density of seed bank species varied significantly between the superficial (0-5 cm), middle depth (5-15cm), and deeper soil depth (15-30 cm). The averages were 14776.08 m-2 (19.01%), 36977.04 m-2 (47.59%) and 25943.06 m-2 (33.4%), respectively. According to our findings, Chenopodium vulvaria, Amaranthus blitoides, and Convolvulus arvensis were abundant. As a result, the weed seed bank research was critical in predicting the size and distribution of viable weed seeds in the soil. It aids in developing a sustainable weed management program in semi-arid areas by providing early warnings of weed community composition and allowing for informed decisions on long-term weed control.

This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing markers derived from profilin sequences for the genomic fingerprinting of plant organisms. Profilins are a category of small actin-binding proteins that are present in all eukaryotic cells. Despite profilins being ubiquitous, some forms are also clinically relevant because of their ability to induce allergic responses in sensitized individuals. We conducted a PCR analysis on DNA samples obtained from 11 vegetable species (Brassica oleracea L. in 4 varieties) using two types of primers: non-degenerate and degenerate. In the case of degenerate primers, a total of 51 amplification products of different lengths were recorded, while their average amount was in the range of 7-8 amplicons for one species. The most frequently occurring product was the product with a length of 249 bp. A lower degree of polymorphism was noted when non-degenerate primers were used. The total number of different products created by amplification using non-degenerate primers was 33 and there was an average of 5 amplicons in one sample. As indicated by the findings, implementation of degenerate primers was more suitable for genomic fingerprinting based on profilin sequences in vegetable species, as it led to a higher level of variability in the amplification profiles of distinct species. It can be stated that amplification based on profilin sequences proved to be sufficient in its versatility and efficiency in generating variable-length polymorphism of PCR products.

The tillage technology used can influence the soil quality positively or negatively. The aim of this work was to compare the impact of reduced (RT) and conventional (CT) tillage technologies on selected physical and chemical properties of Mollic Fluvisol, Chernozem, and Haplic Luvisol. Differences in the properties of soils treated with RT and CT were investigated at fifteen sites to a depth of 40 cm. The results showed that in Mollic Fluvisol, which naturally has higher soil organic matter (SOM) content, changing the tillage system from CT to RT caused minimal negative changes in soil properties, including a significant increase in bulk density (rd), a decrease in available water capacity (QP) and hot water soluble carbon (CHWL); in contrast, the change in tillage system was positively reflected in a statistically significant increase in total organic carbon (Cox) and degree of humification. For Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol, which naturally have medium to low SOM content, changing tillage from CT to RT resulted in a significant decrease in CHWL content and degree of humification. All physical parameters assessed were significantly deteriorated (there was an increase in rd and wilting point, a significant decrease in air-filled porosity and QP. There was no significant improvement in any of the soil properties studied. It can be concluded that the CT system is more suitable for Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol tillage than the RT system. In Mollic Fluvisol, the RT system is more or less equally suitable for tillage as the CT system.

In this case study, the urinary mineral profile of dairy cows was investigated. Determined urinary mineral concentrations were evaluated in relation to the production cycle (dry cows versus lactating cows) and were also compared to the physiological optimum. The study was carried out on twelve Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and urea concentrations were determined in urine samples. The urine of dry cows showed demonstrably higher concentrations of Ca, P, Na and Mg compared to the urine of lactating cows. Compared to the physiological optimum, significantly lower urinary Na concentrations were determined in all cows. This indicates a significant deficiency of Na in the diet of both dry cows and lactating cows. Marked differences between the minimum and maximum concentrations of all minerals studied in the urine of dairy cows were determined. The mineral profile obtained from urine samples can be an important diagnostic method for detecting preclinical stages of metabolic disorders. At the same time, urine sample collection is stress-free for dairy cows.

Black chokeberry is used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension and stress. It is valued for its high antioxidant capacity and, in addition, for its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. The aim of this intervention study was to assess the impact of short-term intake of chokeberry juice on chosen anthropometric and lipid indicators of 30 women in productive age (from 45 to 55 years). Volunteers received 50 mL of 100% chokeberry juice daily for one-month period. Anthropometric and lipids parameters were monitored before and after 4 weeks of intake of chokeberry juice. Analysis of body composition was determined by the InBody 720, and biochemical analyzes were performed using BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. The level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and liver enzymes were measured using commercial kits DiaSys by enzymatic measurement. The low density lipoprotein level was found out by the Friedewald equation. Analysis of body composition dynamics showed a signified decrease in body weight (P <0.01), positive loss of body fat (P <0.05), especially in visceral fat (P <0.01). The waist to hip ratio was also improved (P < 0.01). The lipid profile also changed positively, the level of total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and low density lipoprotein decreased (P <0.01). On the contrary, the level of high density lipoprotein increased in a positive direction (P <0.01), while an improvement in the low density lipoprotein / high density lipoprotein ratio was also observed (P <0.001). The average level of C-reactive protein decreased after consumption of chokeberry juice, but without statistical evidence (P ˃0.05). We did not observe significant changes on kidney and liver markers. The results show that daily short-term intake of chokeberry juice can influence risk factors in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and induce beneficial effects on health indicators of adult women.

Infant formula is the main source of nutrition for babies who cannot be fed human milk, which is the best source of feed for them. Modern trends spreading through social media are questioning the suitability of commercial infant formula for children. The growth in cow's milk protein allergies among the population and the increase in the percentage of premature infants with low birth weight are focusing attention on cow's milk-based infant formula substitutes. Recently, goat's milk-based infant formulas have become available. A comparison of the composition requirements of infant formula and premature infant formula shows the need to modify both milks for use in infant formula. Differences in milk composition and functional properties can compensate for technological and nutritional differences. The lower allergenicity of goat milk, smaller fat globules and softer curd can cause a different body reaction in goat's milk based infant formula than cow's milk based infant formula. The choice of commercial infant formula should not be made based on the reactions of other children but should be selected taking into account the individual's ability to grow and develop appropriately during the use of particular infant formula.

β-glucans are biologically active polysaccharides derived from natural sources, especially mushrooms, renowned for their immunomodulatory, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can be safely consumed as dietary supplements or as part of one's daily diet. Chemoprevention is a crucial approach in reducing cancer development and tumor progression including the use of natural substances to impede, arrest, or reverse carcinogenesis. β-glucans, especially those from mushrooms, have been recognized as effective chemopreventive and adjuvant agents when combined with standard chemotherapy. They appear to operate through various mechanisms and may exhibit additive or synergistic effects. While in vitro and animal studies have consistently demonstrated their medical potential, clinical investigations into the precise mechanisms of action remain limited. Therefore, understanding the specific molecular changes that drive cancer development and progression, and developing anticancer and adjuvant chemotherapeutic drugs, which improve cancer treatment is still a main challenge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to summarise recent research findings on the anticancer effects of selected mushroom β-glucans, covering a range of preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and several clinical studies, with a focus on their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. We also discuss their potential molecular mechanisms of action and provide a brief overview of the classification, structural characteristics, sources, and origin of β-glucans derived from various edible mushrooms.

Chernozems are considered highly productive soils, which are strongly affected by intensive management, erosion processes, and degradation. Three different soil types were classified according to Němeček et al. (2011) along the transect in the field – Calcic Chernozem (control site); Calcaric Regosol (erosion site); and Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). Soil organic matter quality was evaluated using infrared and UV-VIS spectroscopic methods. Humic acids (HAs) were isolated from all three soil samples according to the standard IHSS method. DRIFT spectroscopy (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) was applied to evaluate HAs chemical composition and hydrophobicity. Both parameters can better characterize HAs stability against microbial degradation, reactivity, and wettability. Results showed that the humification degree was the highest in Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). Less humified were HAs in Calcaric Regosol (erosion site). Higher content of aliphatic labile and hydrophilic groups was in HAs from Calcaric Regosol (erosion site). The content of aromatic stable and resistant components was higher in HAs from Calcic Chernozem (control site) and Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). The highest hydrophobicity index was in HAs from Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). The HAs chemical composition and hydrophobicity are crucial in soil productivity and organic matter stability in a changing environment.

Brassica campestris L. plants are widely grown, including in Asian countries where the leaves are used to prepare Chinese sour pickled mustard greens. The potential benefits of the application of organic by-products and organic fertilizers in sustainable agricultural production have been shown in previous studies. Consequently, this study investigated the effectiveness of liquid worm fertilizer (LWF) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) individually and in combination on the growth of B. campestris. The results showed that LWF at the highest dose had positive effects on the growth and yield of B. Campestris, but SGC had inhibitory effects. The treatment consisting of composted SCG + triple of the standard dose of LWF resulted in the best plot yield with 3866.7 g.plot-1, followed by the treatment of fresh SCG + triple of the standard dose of LWF, which produced a yield of 3766.7 g.plot-1. The lowest yield (2100.0 g.plot-1) was observed in the treatment of 1kg.m-2 fresh SCG + no LWF. The interaction effect between SCG and LWF on the plot yield of B. campestris L. was significant (F(4,18) = 4.6; p = 0.01) demonstrating enhanced yield when both SCG and LWF were used in combination.