Všechny tituly 402 výsledků

The aim of the study was to determine the growth characteristics of three rabbit breeds (Czech Solver, CSo, n = 11; Czech Spotted, CS, n = 28; Blanc de Hotot, BH, n = 24) under small-scaled stock conditions as a basis for their potential meat performance. The body morphometric characteristics live weight (LW), head length (HL), body length (BL), ear length, thoracic circumference (TC) and body compact index TC/BL were recorded in growing rabbits from 21st to 91st day of their age. At the end of the trial, the highest LW value was recorded in the BH breed (2700.0g) as compared to the CSo and CS breeds, respectively (1887.5 and 1545.4g). The values of the HL were significantly affected by a rabbit breed up to the 63rd day of their age (P <0.01). The highest values of BL and TC were found in the BH breed as compared to the CSo breed and also the CS breed (P <0.01). The BH breed showed also the longest ears (P <0.01) while the different dynamics of the ear growth among the evaluated breeds was found. Concerning the body compact index TC/BL, the growing rabbits of the BH breed showed wider body given by their musculature proportion as compared to the representatives of the CSo and CS breeds (P <0.01). Our findings suggest that the Blanc de Hotot breed possesses suitable growth and morphometric characteristics for intended meat production.

A common practice to improve meat quality is aging under controlled conditions, which results in improved tenderness, a key factor in the consumer acceptance of beef meat. Among other traits, the tenderness and the effect of ageing are also genetically determined. Therefore, a trial was performed to assess the effect of ageing in the progeny of young bulls included in the routine breeding program for Simmental breed in Slovenia. In the trial, 127 young bulls were included, and the shear force of grilled Longissimus thoracis muscle was measured fresh and after three weeks of ageing. There was a significant difference between the fresh and aged muscle in shear force, but growth and other carcass traits did not affect it as it was expected. We assume that after enlarging the number of animals, the data will be usable to be included in the genetic evaluation of the breeding program for Simmental breed in Slovenia.

Agricultural land is a more important resource biodiversity and changes in their dispersion and structures reflected the quality of habitats. A suitable bioindicator pointing to such changes is the taxon Araneae. The aim of our research was to point out the dispersion of Araneae individuals in the ecological and conventional farming conditions and also the influence of pH, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen on their abundance. During the years 2018 to 2021, we caught 2,862 individual Araneae in ecological farming (Pisum sativum, Grass mixture, Triticum spelta and T. aestivum) and conventional farming conditions (Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays) using the pitfall trap method. The dispersion of Araneae individuals was the highest around crops in ecological farming. We confirmed a declining number of individuals with decreasing values of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in conventional and also ecological farming. However, the difference was within the limits of optima phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, which were lower in ecological farming compared to integrated farming. On the basis our results, both types of farming can be evaluated as homeostatically, which affects the dispersion and abundance of Araneae. Providing them with topical and trophic conditions, which is important for the production of biomass and also affects the crop.

The aim of this research was to find out the changes in fermentation parameters of whole-crop rye silage after adding the biological additive. Two variants of rye silage were used in the experiment: variant C (silage without additive) and variant A (silage with the addition of additive). The wilted whole-crop rye was treated with strains of lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis 1.25x1011 CFU.g-1) in a dose of 2 g of additive + 25 ml of water per 1 ton of matter. Both silage variants were ensiled with a vacuum pack device and after 2 months of storage, average samples were taken to determine the dry matter content, fermentation products, acidity of water extract, pH and the degree of proteolysis by appropriate methods. Treatment of rye silage with a microbial silage additive affected the quality of rye silage by a statistically significant (P <0.05) higher content of lactic acid and acidity of water extract. The lower content of acetic acid, alcohols, pH value and the degree of proteolysis were also statistically significant (P <0.05). The results confirmed the positive effect of the addition of Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis on the quality of the fermentation process of rye silage.

The purpose of the work was aimed at determining changes in locomotion activity of dairy cows with healthy claws, as opposed to cows suffering from claw disorders. To achieve this goal, Heatime RuminAct technical equipment was used. Data gathering took place at the dairy farm of University of Agriculture in Nitra, where locomotion activity was measured via Heatime RuminAct hardware with DataFlowTMII software. This data came from 87 dairy cows, whose locomotion activity was monitored during a period of 21 days. This period consisted of 10 days of monitoring before the claw trimming, monitoring during the day of the trimming, and afterwards, another 10 days of monitoring after the trimming was complete. Units of locomotion activity in 24 hours (u.24h-1) were used to formulate the locomotion activity of the dairy cows. Health conditions of claws of the dairy cows were recorded and based on the presence of claw disorders, the cows were divided into two groups - cows with observed claw disorders formed a group of 33 cows, and cows exhibiting no claw disorder related symptoms formed a group of 54 cows. Conclusions based on results from the data gathered confirm a crucial difference in locomotion activity between healthy cows and cows afflicted by claw disorders.

The problem of the calf livestock to be preserved under the use restriction conditions of the antibiotics in case of the infectious diseases requires the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, to which the nanocompounds of the noble metals are belonged. The influence of the colloid silver solution on the indicators of the clinical condition, mineral turnover and morphological composition of the blood of the black-pied Holstein calves aged from birth to 30 days had been analyzed. It had been established that the calf rearing with the colloid silver solution composed of colostrum (milk) at a dose of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l from the 1-st to the 10-th day every twenty-four hours, from the 11-th to the 30-th day, which is carried out once a decade, does not influence on the indicators of the clinical condition, but dose-dependently contributes to the increasing silver content in the blood. Nanosilver at a dose of 2.0 mg/l of colostrum causes the increasing iron and zinc accumulation in the blood of the calves on the 3-rd day after birth. With the increasing calf age up to 30 days as well as with the increasing oral use interval of the colloid silver solution, its influence on the exchange of zinc, iron and copper in the blood is decreased. On the 3-rd and 10-th day after the calf rearing with the colloid silver solution at a dose of 1.0 mg/l, the erythrocyte number reduction in their blood was found by 15.0 % and 12.3 %, the dose of nanosilver of 2.0 mg/l of colostrum causes a similar influence only on the 10-th day. On the 30-th day after the increasing interval of the calf rearing the erythrocyte number in the blood of both studied groups had been equal with the control one. The leukocyte number in the blood of the healthy calves practically did not depend on the dose of the colloid silver, as well as on its use period. The dose of the colloid silver equal to 2.0 mg/l of colostrum (milk) influences on the blood leukogram in a lesser extent than the dose equal to 2.0 mg/l, but both drug doses for 30-th day increase the lymphocyte percentage in the blood of the healthy calves. The obtained results make it possible to select an effective dose and interval of nanosilver application to the calves, taking into account the indicators of their clinical condition, mineral turnover and morphological composition of the blood, as well as to consider it as a prophylactic agent in case of the infectious diseases

The aim of the experiment was study the effect of different feeding system on fatty acids (FA) profile of cow’s milk. The tank’s samples from two farms were collected. On these farms breed: the Slovak Spotted cattle was reared. Feeding system was realized on the base pasture + supplementary feeding without silage – grazing feeding system (farm A) and silage feeding system (farm B). The FA profile in the milk samples with the apparatus (Agilent 6890A GC, Agilent technologies, USA) were analysed. Feeding system affects FA profile of cow’s milk. Significantly higher proportion of FA in milk samples: C4:0, C17:0, C18:1 cis-n9, C18:2 cis-n9, C18:3-n3 and C20:0 in milk from grazing feeding system (farm A) was detected. The samples of milk only from this feeding system contained C20:5 n3. Significantly higher content of 18:2 cis n6 and presence of C13:0, C20:3 n6 and C20:4 n6 only in milk samples from silage feeding system were determined. Significantly lower proportion of saturated FA was typical for milk from farm A and significantly higher proportion of polyunsaturated FA was characteristic for the samples from farm B. The influence of the feeding system on the monounsaturated FA content was not confirmed. In milk samples from both feeding systems very different n6/n3 FA ratio was detected, with lower value for milk from grazing feeding system (1.36 vs. 9.12).

The aim of this study was to analyse the gross energy (GE) value of egg yolk from hens feed with different vegetable oils addition and based on gained results calculate the linear regression between GE and dry matter % (DM) in yolk. Total 66 hens Lohmann brown lite were divided in to 11 groups according to concentration and type of used vegetable oil (pumpkin oil 3%, flax seed oil 3%, indian hemp seed oil 2.5% and 5%, grape seed oil 2.5% and 5%, olive oil 2.5 and 5%, apricot seed oil 2.5% and 5%). Hens were in 40th week of life and were housed per 6 in cage. From each group eight eggs were randomly selected. In total 88 egg yolks were separated and analysed for DM and GE content. The highest yolk GE was detected in group with 3% pumpkin oil addition (1639 kJ/100g) followed by groups with 2.5 and 5% indian hemp seed oil addition 1632 and 1632 kJ/100g, respectively. Difference between these three groups compared to yolk GE content (1584 kJ/100g) in control group was significant (P<0.05). All other added oils increased the yolk GE (P>0.05). GE concertation of yolk can be calculated as follows: GE = -17.34 + (32.73 * DM), R2 = 0.819.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of genotype and sex on growth and carcass traits of grazing lambs. A total of 32 lambs (16 Improved Jezersko-Solčava - JSR and 16 crossbreds with Texel - JSRT, 8 males and 8 females within each genotype) were included in the study. The lambs were grazed together with their dams from the beginning of the grazing period and had free access to commercial concentrate from the age of 10 days. Lambs were weaned at the average body weight of 22.9 kg. Feeding with a concentrate was finished when lambs achieved 35 kg of body weight and were slaughtered. Daily gains from birth to slaughter and from weaning to slaughter were calculated. Several carcass traits were determined. JSRT lambs had significantly higher daily gain from birth to slaughter, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentages compared to JSR lambs. Carcass conformation was higher in JSRT than JSR carcasses. Also, carcasses of JSRT were shorter and wider than JSR carcasses. Rib eye muscle areas of JSRT lambs were significantly larger, and the colour was significantly lighter. Males had significantly higher average daily gain from birth to slaughter and from weaning to slaughter than females. Females had higher dressing percentages and subcutaneous and internal fatness scores than males. Females had significantly higher amount of kidney fat. The colour of males’ meat was significantly lighter than that of females. Crossbreeding with Texel rams improved growth and carcass traits of lambs, and males had better growth performance and several carcass traits than females.

In this work we aimed to analyse the effect of different levels of Musculaton® with selected amino acids and herbal extracts on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total 240 one-day-old broiler chickens Ross 308 of mixed sex were divided into four experimental groups (n = 60): a control and three experimental groups with addition of Musculaton® in levels 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25% in drinking water from 22 to 35 day of fattening. In nutrition, we used commercial feed mixtures, water and feed was provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 42 days. The body weights of all birds were recorded individually at weekly interval from 1 to 42 day. Total feed consumption and total mortality were determined to 42 day of fattening period. Carcass characteristics were detected at the end of the experiment. The addition of different levels of Musculaton® significantly increased (p <0.05) the live weight of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age compared with control. In the whole trial period, feed consumption and mortality were no affected by addition of Musculaton® to drinking water compared control group. As regards carcass parameters, the addition Musculaton® in drinking water significantly decreased (p <0.05) abdominal fat weight and significantly increased (p <0.05) breast proportion. Carcass yield and thigh proportion were not affected (p >0.05) by the application of Musculaton®. The liver, pancreas, kidney and small intestine proportions were significantly higher (p <0.05) in chickens supplemented by Musculaton®. In case of neck, crop, heart, proventriculus, gizzard, caecum and large intestine weights among control and experimental groups we observed no statistically significant differences (p >0.05).

The aim of the study is to evaluate the relation of protein nutrition to transformation of nitrogen (N) from feed to milk and its urinary excretion in dairy cows under the farm conditions. In breeding conditions of dairy farms in the groups of dairy cows in the 1st phase of lactation, with low content of CP (139±11.8 g/kg), optimum (161.8±6.3 g/kg) and high content of CP (179.7±8.5 g/kg) in dry matter of total mix ration (TMR), was confirmed the effect of increased the level of ammonia (NH3) in the rumen (17.4±1.7; 19.6±2.3; 22.8±3.4 mg/100 ml). The same tendency with higher statistical significance (P<0.001) was confirmed to the increased concentration of urea in the blood (22.8±3.7; 27.8±4.8; 35.1±6.6 mg/dl) and to the concentration of urea in the milk (18.2±2.6; 24.8±3.9; 33.3±6.7mg/dl). In the groups with increasing content of CP in the TMR, the ecological load of the environment increases, that was confirmed by a significant increase (P<0.001) of excreted N in the urine (139.4±19.8; 189.5±30.4; 254.7± 51.3 g N/day) and an increase (P<0.001) in the emission of ammonia into the environment (68.1 ± 6.1; 83.7 ± 9.4; 103.8 ± 15.9 g/day). The highest efficiency of N utilization at the level of 31.1 ± 1.4 % was confirmed at a CP content of 150-170 g/kg dry matter of TMR. The evaluation of direct regression dependence between the analysed CP content in TMR and analysed parameters of N transformation in individual farms was confirmed a significant relationship in CP and NH3 content (r = 0.641), CP and urea in the blood (r = 0.689) resp. CP and excretion of N in urine (r = 0.600). Direct relation was confirmed by the analysed NH3 content in the rumen and the urea content in the blood (r = 0.795), and urea in the milk (r = 0.786), as well as the urea content in the blood in relation to the urea in the milk (r = 0.767). The obtained results confirm the suitability of the use of the monitored markers to assess the level of protein nutrition and the environmental load at the farm.

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of live yeast additive to cattle ration on milk yield of dairy cows. The research was conducted on a dairy farm, on a sample of 265 dairy cows during winter. The dairy cows were fed with a feed containing live yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species (CNCM I-1077). The dosage was 2.1010 cfu.head-1.day-1. Milk yield and the components of milk were monitored for a three-month-long period – starting one month before the supplementation of yeast to feed and ending two months after. The addition of live yeast to cattle ration had a significant positive impact already in the first month on milk yield (+1.25 kg.day-1), and the amount of fat (+0.055 kg.day-1), protein (+0.057 kg.day-1), lactose (+0.056 kg.day-1) and milk solids (+0.170 kg.day-1) contained in milk (p<0.001). The general conclusion of the experiment is, that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae additive had an apparent positive impact on milk yield and milk components.

The purpose of the study was to determine what changes will occur under the influence of six-week consumption of full-fat yogurt made from sheep's milk from ewes fed with iodine-enriched feed in relation to indicators of thyroid function – thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), but also to selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The intervention group consisted of nineteen women aged 54 ±7 years. It was a hyper-cholesterolemic group with a non-atherogenic lipid profile. Six-week consumption of sheep's yogurt contributed to the intake of an important element in human nutrition, but did not cause changes in the function of the thyroid gland, nor in the state of the hormones that produce or regulate its activity. TSH decreased from 2.6 ±1.0 mlU.l-1 to 2.4 ±1.0 mlU.l-1, fT4 increased from 15.2 ±1.5 pmol.l-1 to 15.3 ±1.7 pmol.l-1, but there were no statistically significant changes (P >0.05). The value of fT3 did not change at all (4.8 pmol.l-1). The intervention had no significant negative impact either on the lipid profile or other biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Our findings indicate that the consumption of full-fat sheep's yogurt not only contributes to the intake of iodine in the diet, but in terms of fat content does not cause health complications and deterioration of the lipid profile or other biochemical or anthropometric parameters

The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of different doses of Stockosorb® 500 Micro on the growth-production process of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Koreta. The pot experiment was realized in laboratory conditions in year 2010. There were used pots with volume 2 dm3 and area on top 0.014 m2 and 3 levels of the amount of Stockosorb® 500 Micro in experiment: 0 g/m2, 50 g/m2 and 100 g/m2. Quantity of seeds was 1.18 g per pot (i.e. 40,000 seeds/m2). Each treatment had 4 replications. Irrigating of pots was with 150 ml water per pot 2 times a week. Results of observations showed a statistically significant effect of Stockosorb® 500 Micro on daily intensity of growth to the height (p = 0.040), the intensity of the production of aboveground phytomass (p = 0.034) and the total harvest of aboveground phytomass (p = 0.000). Stimulatory effect on indicators of the growth-production process of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Koreta had only Stockosorb® 500 Micro at dose 50 g/m2. Application of 100 g/m2 of Stockosorb® 500 Micro inhibited growth and production of that grass species, but with lower variability of average daily gain of height (ADGh), average daily gain of weight (ADGw) and thickening lawn index (TLI) values. Lower daily intensity of growth and phytomass production and higher turf density (expressed as thickening lawn index) is positively evaluated from the viewpoint of lawn management.

The aim of the vegetation pot experiment observed the effect of zinc foliar application in combination with nitrogen fertilization on annual ryegrass plant ability to deal with drought stress. Experiment with two irrigation regimes was established and the rate of drought stress was evaluated by determination of abscisic acid (ABA) content in above-ground part of ryegrass, dry matter weight and nutrient content in plant were also determined. Foliar Zn application had statistically significant effect (P <0.05) on decrease of ABA content in comparison to variants without Zn fertilization which implies that zinc contributed to better plant dealing with drought stress. Foliar application of higher Zn dose (1.25 g l-1) under drought stress was found the strongest decreased of ABA in comparison with variant without Zn fertilization (about 50.1%). Zinc supported also the growth of above-ground part regardless to irrigation, we found the highest dry matter weight on variant with higher nitrogen dose (0.5 g pot-1) and higher Zn dose (1.25 g l-1). Graded levels of zinc application significantly effected of Zn content in plant.

The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of common mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) herb on selected growth and health traits of young dwarf rabbits. The mugwort species represent regular botanical species with proven favourable effects on health state of many animal species. However, a dietary effect of Artemisia vulgaris (AV) on health of dwarf rabbit genepool has not been studied yet. The study was performed on a total of 12 kits of the Dwarf Lop breed. These kits were divided into 2 groups (control, C; experimental, E). From the age of 21 days up to the age of 112 days the kits in the experimental group received a complete diet specifically designed for the dwarf rabbits with 10% supplementation of the AV meal. There was found no significant adverse effect on live weight and average daily weight gain in rabbits of the E group. Concerning the anticoccidial effect, the 112-day-old rabbits fed the E diet showed a significantly lower (P <0.05) number of excreted oocysts (1,766 OPG) as compared to those in the C group (6,845 OPG). Based on the results of the present study, there can be suggested that 10% dietary inclusion of the AV meal represents a safe share and it showed a positive effect on the excreted coccidiosis count in dwarf rabbits. However, it would be suitable to perform further studies, when the optimization of a mugwort dietary level during specific life periods of dwarf kits and the selection of other Artemisia botanical species will take a place. In addition, monitoring of more growth traits and biological effects of particular substances contained in Artemisia sp. would be studied on dwarf pet rabbits as well.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term consumption of 100% sea buckthorn juice (SBJ) affects serum lipids and body composition in hypercholesterolemic women. The study included 31 non-medicated adult women aged 40 to 56 years (average age 49.86 ± 5.98 years). In this intervention study, volunteers received 50 mL of 100% bio commercial SBJ every day for 4-week period. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were monitored before and after 4 weeks of consumption of SBJ. Body composition was determined using an multifrequency analyzer InBody720. Routine biochemical analyzes were performed by standard methods in an accredited laboratory of the University Hospital by automatic biochemical analyzer BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. Supplementation with 100% SBJ increased high-density cholesterol (P <0.05) and decreased low-density cholesterol (P >0.05). There was also a positive decrease in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P <0.01) and C-reactive protein (P <0.001). We observed a significant weight loss (P <0.05), body fat (P <0.01), body mass index (P <0.05) and visceral fat area (P <0.01). The obtained results show that the daily consumption of SBJ for 4 weeks represents a possible prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypercholesterolemic women without pharmacotherapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate lactose in relation to milk production and calving interval in dairy cows of Slovak Spotted cattle. A total of 92,730 lactations from 45,800 dairy cows evaluation from 2015 to 2019 were used for investigating lactose percentage (LP), milk yield (MY), lactose yield (LY), fat percentage (FP), proteins percentage (PP) and calving interval (CI). Data were analysed using the SAS version 9.4 and linear model with fixed effects: herd-years-season (HYS), sire (S), breeding type (BT), coding of milk (Cod-MY) and coding of calving interval (Cod-CI). In the dataset the average of LP was 4.77±0.20 %, while the one of MY, LY, FP, PP and CI were 6,778.53±2,014.18 kg, 325.27±100.45 kg, 3.96±0.47 %, 3.39±0.23 % and 406.66±91.09 days. The correlation of LP with MY, LY, FP, PP and CI was equal to r = 0.1712, r = 0.3157, r = 0.0546, r = 0.1852 and r = -0.0147. These correlation coefficients were statistically highly significant P <0.0001. Among all fixed effects in the analysis of variance of LP, the most relevant effect was observed for HYS (P<.0001).