Všechny tituly 409 výsledků

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the technological meat quality of the breed White Mangalitsa through the pH, electric conductivity, drip loss and meat color parameters. Totally, 20 pigs of the breed White Mangalitsa (10 barrows and 10 gilts) were evaluated. Pigs were bred under the intensive breeding conditions. The animals were fed ad libitum using a complete feed compound with the added silage. Pigs were slaughtered upon reaching 110 kg of live weight. The muscles of MLD (Musculus longissimus dorsi) and MSM (Musculus semimembranosus) were evaluated. The meat quality analysis showed that pH1 was similar between the muscles. The evidently lower pH2 value was in MLD (p <0.01). The EC1 value (p <0.01) was evidently higher in the MSM muscle. The EC2 values in MLD and MSM were similar. Between the muscles, an evidentiary difference was observed in water drip loss (p <0.01), greater losses were recorded in MLD. In the SCI a * and SCI b * values, which express the redness and yellowness of the meat, the values in MSM were evidently higher. The lightness of the meat (SCI L *) was the same in both muscles. The differences between the sexes in the observed qualitative parameters were not evidentiary.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes produced by Gram-negative microorganisms, which may be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The purpose of this research was to estimate the bactericidal effects of cinnamon oil on ESBLproducing bacteria. In this study, 227 water samples were collected from wells in Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia. The samples were cultured on a cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient (CLED) medium. A MicroScan system was used to identify bacteria and also for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Activity of crud cinnamon oil and its fractions were detected by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the ESBL-producing bacteria. Morphological changes of the treated bacteria were observed and oil compounds was investigated. The culture was positive on the CLED medium in 170 out of 227 water samples. In 170 CLED-positive isolates, E. coli was the most common organism, followed by K. pneumoniae. The results showed that 100% of K. pneumoniae isolates were completely resistant to ampicillin (100%), then by mezlocillin (92.5%), cefazolin, and cefuroxime (77.5%). Also, 86.9% of E. coli isolates were the most resistant to ampicillin, followed by mezlocillin (83%). 82% of K. pneumoniae and 89% of E. coli isolates were confirmed by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) as ESBL-producers. The cinnamon oil activity was only concentrated in the oxygenated fraction. The MICs of the oxygenated fraction were 80 and 20 µl/mL at 105 CFU of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. This study indicated the antibacterial effects of cinnamon essential oil to eliminate some antibiotic-resistant bacteria from water.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex on selected fattening, carcass and qualitative veal parameters of Slovak Simmental breed. The comparison was carried out on the 8 male and the 8 female animals. The animals were reared under the same housing conditions and were fed with grass hay (ad libitum), feed straw and calves feed concentrate, and had a free access to the fresh water. The fattening period started from about 70 days of age to required final weight. Length of the fattening period was 180 days. The slaughter and carcass composition, carcass yield, qualitative, physical and technological characteristics of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle were studied. We found a significantly higher proportion of bones and a significantly higher proportion of separable fat in the carcass half in males. Higher proportion of meat were found in females. At the heifers was found, although not significantly, a higher proportion of internal fat (rumen, intestinal, kidney, pelvic). Significantly different pH measured 24 hours post mortem was found between males and females (P<0.01). Parameter of meat colour – lightness was higher identified in male calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem. Higher redness value was identified in female calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem.

Mercury threatens Arctic ecosystems due to its well known deleterious effects. The development of energy resources in the Russian Arctic is currently being planned, which will inevitably be accompanied by emissions of heavy metals into the environment, but little is known about the distribution of mercury in soils of the permafrost regions. Total mercury (THg) concentrations were investigated in soils and lake sediments of Vilkitsky Island located in remote area of the Arctic. The concentration of mercury in soils varied from 1 to 36,6 ng g−1, in lake sediments – from 2.0 to 5.8 ng g−1. In sandy soils of the iseland the concentration of THg was minimal and was usually not higher than10 ng g−1, whereas in loamy soils it was 3.5 times higher. Correlation analysis has shown that THg concentration depended primarily on particle size distribution, in a lesser degree – on total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations. The soils of Viltisky Island have one of the lowest mercury concentration in comparison to soils of other Arctic territories, because of the predominance of sandy marine sediments and low soil organic matter content. Under influence of human activities, THg content has increased three-fold on average. The highest concentrations were observed in soils of an abandoned polar station. Calculation of CF and Igeo coefficients demonstrated the high level of mercury pollution on local sites. The maximum content of mercury (25.7-36.7 ng g-1) was observed in coastal sediments. It is assumed that the increased mercury content is a consequence of translocation. Thus, the coastal areas of the Arctic islands are at the greatest danger of pollution.

On Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected albino rats, the trypanocidal activity of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa leaf (EETL) was evaluated. Thirty-six rats were allocated into six groups: Group 1 (control); Group 2: infected; Group 3: infected and treated with 10 mg kg-1 body weight diminazene aceturate; Group 4: infected and treated with 500 mg kg-1 body weight EETL; Group 5: infected and treated with 1,000 mg kg-1 body weight EETL; Group 6: infected and treated with 1,500 mg kg-1 body weight EETL. The highest parasitaemia level (P <0.05) was recorded in group 2, compared to the rest groups. The total/complete chemosuppression recorded in the group 3 was (P <0.05) higher than the rest groups. The percentage chemo-suppression improves (P <0.05) with an increased EETL dosage from 500 mg kg-1 1,500 mg kg-1. The haematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined using Abacus 380 and a Reflectron® Plus BC79 analyzer, respectively. Post-infection, the rats‘ packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in group 2 and group 4 were (P <0.05) lower than group 1 and other groups. On day five postinfection, the rats‘ red blood cell counts in groups 2 and 4 were lower (P <0.05) than in other groups. On day 15 post-infection, the white blood cell counts of rats in groups 2 and 4 were lower (P <0.05) than in group 1, 3 and 6. Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels in groups 2 and 4 were (P <0.05) higher than the control and other treatment groups. This study demonstrated 1,500 mg kg-1 EETL bodyweight efficacy in reducing the parasitemia level in T. brucei brucei infected rats

Observation on the ultra- structure of both mouth parts and sensory apparatus of mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae (Stebbing, 1903) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) was carried out. Seven segments of different size in each antenna have been identified in D.mangiferae in the present observation. Out of the all segments, the terminal segment was the longest trailed by third and second flagellomere in downward order. Sensilla with flexible socket was noted in almost every body parts in the present observation. Abundant wax pores on the dorsal and ventral surface on the body surface of mealy bug secrete spiral wax filaments. Two types of wax pores namely trilocular and quinquelocular were observed. Leg consisted of basal coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus which ended with curved claw and two claw digitules.Hair like sensilla trichoidea was mostly abundant in antenna and was of four subtypes. All of these function as mechanoreceptor or gustatory receptor. The labium of second instar nymphs of D.mangiferae had three segments with a median labial groove for housing stylet fascicle. Ten pairs of trichoid sensilla were found in the labium that also function as mechanoreceptors. Long hair like sensilla chaetica with pointed tip (SCh) in five pairs was also observed. Apart from that different kind of mechanoreceptor sensilla with flexible sockets, sensilla were found having inflexible sockets and pores with probable olfactory function.

Assessment of the uptake and bioaccumulation of diverse hydrocarbon compounds within internal tissues by selected food plants artificially exposed to bioremediated crude oil-contaminated soils was carried out. Three bioremediated crude-oil contaminated soils of different fallow ages (6-, 12-, and 18- months after certified remediation protocols) and an uncontaminated soil were collected and designated as 6m-AB, 12m-AB, 18m-AB and control respectively. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and intermediate metabolites of degradation in soil samples were determined in the dry and wet seasons using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrophotometer. Telfairia occidentalis, Zea mays, Cucumis sativus, and Abelmoschus esculentus were used to assess safety of crops grown on test soils by monitoring the bioaccumulation of chemical residues in their tissues. Baseline TPH contents in various soil samples were 161.25 mg Kg-1 (6m-AB), 51.72 mg Kg-1 (12m-AB), 91.50 mg Kg-1 (18m-AB) and below detectable level in the control soil. A myriad of organic compounds emanating from degradation of petroleum compounds and including toxic and carcinogenic metabolic intermediates like trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, phthalate esters and halogenated aliphatics were detected in bioremediated soil and also in tissues of the plants grown on the bioremediated soils. Higher bioconcentration factors for accumulated organic compounds were obtained during the wet season for all plants with Telfairia occidentalis having the highest bioconcentration factor in both wet and dry seasons. Results obtained provide evidence of contaminant transfer from these bioremediated soils to plant tissues and suggest the need for adequate evaluation of chemical residues in remediated soils before utilizing such sites for farming to ensure safe crop production.

The aim was to review obtained results related to molecular-genetic analyses by high-density SNP chips and mtDNA in farm and wild populations within the project APVV-17-0060 Genomic Indicators of extranuclear DNA as a source of Diversity for Animal Breeding. Continuous human activity and subsequent socioeconomic and climatic changes of the environment significantly affect the genetic diversity of livestock on both intra- and inter-population levels. Concerning the conservation of local livestock populations and thus animal genetic resources (AnGR) for future generations is, therefore, necessary to monitor and look for new “more precise“ tools to measure the amount of genetic diversity. The expected result will be the identification of SNP markers and spot mutations with a significant effect on the process of development resp. variability of traits. In the case of the dog, identification of regions related to fitness, health, and trainability will be the primary objective.

This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing markers derived from profilin sequences for the genomic fingerprinting of plant organisms. Profilins are a category of small actin-binding proteins that are present in all eukaryotic cells. Despite profilins being ubiquitous, some forms are also clinically relevant because of their ability to induce allergic responses in sensitized individuals. We conducted a PCR analysis on DNA samples obtained from 11 vegetable species (Brassica oleracea L. in 4 varieties) using two types of primers: non-degenerate and degenerate. In the case of degenerate primers, a total of 51 amplification products of different lengths were recorded, while their average amount was in the range of 7-8 amplicons for one species. The most frequently occurring product was the product with a length of 249 bp. A lower degree of polymorphism was noted when non-degenerate primers were used. The total number of different products created by amplification using non-degenerate primers was 33 and there was an average of 5 amplicons in one sample. As indicated by the findings, implementation of degenerate primers was more suitable for genomic fingerprinting based on profilin sequences in vegetable species, as it led to a higher level of variability in the amplification profiles of distinct species. It can be stated that amplification based on profilin sequences proved to be sufficient in its versatility and efficiency in generating variable-length polymorphism of PCR products.

Pathogen-related 10 is a group of proteins derived from various plant species that contains homologues of Bet v 1, major birch-pollen allergen, which are able to cross-react with an IgEs of sensitive patients and invoke allergic reactions. Despite new sequencing technologies and the amount of data generated daily, PR-10 proteins have not been discovered in every plant species. To describe genomic variability by the -omics sciences, it is necessary to screen an undiscovered members of the group, map ypr-10 genes in genome and determine sequence variabilities. In this study Bet v 1 based amplified profile (BBAP) method was used to analyse the variability of 14 vegetable species (Brassica oleracea in 4 varieties) and to compare generated polymorphism among them. For all of the analysed species, a total number of generated amplicons was 162. The most different profiles were generated by Pastinaca sativa and Capsicum annuum, the highest similarity was between Apium graveolens and B. oleracea var. capitata. New type of genic molecular markers was applied successfully and proved to be an effective technique to map variability of PR-10 group.

During evolution, plants have developed complex mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. The study of heavy metal-plant interactions, particularly at the molecular genetic level, helps to understand heavy metal accumulation in plants and their resistance to heavy metal-induced stress. Amaranthus spp. have a potential in phytoremediation techniques. In this study was analysed the effects of cadmium (Cd) treatment and Cd treatment with addition of silicon (Si) on Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. × Amaranthus hybridus L. var. plainsman, in leaves, in the context of the molecular genomic response using two different DNA marker techniques such as cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase analogues (PBA) and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) for WRKY genes. The PBA marker technique consists of several primers pairs that have been designed for cytochrome P450 genes, and CDDP primers pairs have been designed on conserved regions of DNA. Both marker techniques have been shown to be able to detect the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We detected higher variability in genomic profile with the CDDP marker systems compared to PBA. However, the highest number of loci (169) we detected using the BF (forward primer) + BR (reverse primer) of PBA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enriched cages and aviary housing system on egg quality. A total of 2520 eggs (180 eggs per age and housing system) were analysed. The egg quality parameters were measured in eggs from 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64 and 68-week-old hens. The analysis of the technological value included the evaluation of egg weight, shape index, surface area, volume, eggshell proportion, thickness, strength, colour, index, albumen proportion and index, Haugh units, yolk proportion, index, colour and yolk to albumen ratio. The significant interactions between housing system and age of hens were found in all observed parameters except for the egg shape index. Considering the eggshell strength, 52-week-old hens from aviary and from enriched cages had the highest values (46.90 and 46.87 N cm-2, resp.), whereas the lowest values had eggs from 64-week-old hens housed in aviary (31.90 N cm-2). Moreover, Haugh units were the highest in enriched cages from 48, 52 and 56-week-old hens (90.63, 89.80 and 89.28, resp.) and the lowest in aviary system from 64-week-old hens (75.38). Bearing in mind the results, the most of the highest and lowest values in eggshell quality were observed in enriched cages, while in internal quality of eggs, the most of the highest values were seen in enriched cages. That could indicate an unbalanced quality of eggshell and relatively stable internal quality depending on housing system. Regarding to the effect of age, higher quality was found in the first half of studied laying period.

The study was performed on 136 pig carcasses representing the Croatian pig population with regards to the breed structure. The carcasses were dissected according to the EU reference method and lean meat percentage was estimated using the Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP7) device and the “Two points” (ZP) method. Comparison of lean meat percentage obtained by dissection and two prediction methods showed significant differences in estimating the lean meat percentage of pig carcasses (P <0.05). The distribution of carcasses according to SEUROP system showed a difference in the classification depending on the applied method, indicating a need for adjustment of current formulae for lean meat percentage estimation in Croatia.

A better understanding of the soil seed bank system could help agricultural systems plan more effective weed control strategies. This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative soil weed seed bank composition in a cereal crop grown in northern-western Algeria under conventional farming systems and semi-arid conditions. The study was evaluated each autumn for three years (2018-2019-2020). Soil samples were collected from the field zone at each depth category (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, and 15-30 cm) and evaluated in a temperature-controlled greenhouse over six months using the seedling-emergence method. Several indexes were used to evaluate the seed bank density, diversity, and species composition. Thirty weed plants from seventeen families were recovered from the soil seed bank. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most dominant families. The density of seed bank species varied significantly between the superficial (0-5 cm), middle depth (5-15cm), and deeper soil depth (15-30 cm). The averages were 14776.08 m-2 (19.01%), 36977.04 m-2 (47.59%) and 25943.06 m-2 (33.4%), respectively. According to our findings, Chenopodium vulvaria, Amaranthus blitoides, and Convolvulus arvensis were abundant. As a result, the weed seed bank research was critical in predicting the size and distribution of viable weed seeds in the soil. It aids in developing a sustainable weed management program in semi-arid areas by providing early warnings of weed community composition and allowing for informed decisions on long-term weed control.

Three hundred 1-day old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five experimental diets (60 birds/diet; 10 birds/ replicate) using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of wild sunflower and goat weed leaf meals composite mix (CLM) in broiler chickens. At the starter and finisher phases, a basic diet was formulated, divided into five equal parts and tagged diets 1 to 5. Diets 1 and 2 had 0% and 1.1% Oxytetracycline (Oxyt) supplementation; while the diets 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% CLM, respectively. In starter and finisher phases, the highest (P <0.05) body weight gain (BWG) was recorded in the birds fed diet 5 and 4, respectively compared to other diets. During the overall phase, birds fed diet 5 had the highest BWG, which was similar to those fed diet 4 but higher (P <0.05) than the birds fed the rest diets. The feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were influenced (P <0.05) by the CLM supplementation at the starter phase. The FCR recorded in birds fed the 1.1% Oxyt, 0.8% and 1.2% composite leaf mix supplemented diets (diets 2, 4, and 5) were similar (P >0.05) to those fed 0.4% CLM, but significantly better (P <0.05) the birds fed the control diet. The dietary CLM supplementation caused increased (P <0.05) serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentration. The meat cholesterol levels of the birds were significantly (P <0.05) reduced by dietary CLM supplementation. Conclusively, the CLM supplementation at 0.8% and 1.2% enhanced the BWG. CLM supplementation at 0.4%, 0.8 and 1.2% increased the serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity and reduced the broiler’s meat cholesterol.

Wildlife diseases management and wildlife health monitoring in protected areas is a preclude to the management of mega fauna in the protected areas. A case study from Periyar Tiger Reserve (PTR), Kerala, India in free ranges animals’ revels that two important diseases like amphistomiasis in Sambar and anthrax in Elephant. They were controlled by effective management interventions by extensive survey to detect the diseased animals. The diagnosis was based on field observations and treatment was done not only for the affected animals but also localizing and treating the source of the pathogens. An elaborate health monitoring protocol was developed in PTRfor management of wildlife diseases. The present study gives a base line data in the wildlife health monitoring in South India.

This research was focused on a production potential of tall wheatgrass (TW) and perennial rye (PR) grown in marginal and contrasting soil climatic conditions under the following mineral nutrition: (a) intensive nutrition of 245.0 kg/ha NPK, (b) semi-intensive nutrition of 122.5 kg/ha NPK and (c) untreated control of 0.0 kg/ha NPK. The large-scale pilot field experiments with two varieties of TW: Szarvasi-1 and Alkar as PR: Kriszta and Gergő were carried out on 4 research sites during 4 years (2016/17 to 2019/20). Despite the contrasting soil conditions, yields were variously affected by (i) nutrition, (ii) site, (iii) variety and (iv) year (the order based on their F-ratios). A dry matter (DM) yield of 5.29 t/ha on average was found, it ranged from 0.01 to 13.46 t/ha. Average - minimal - maximal variety yields were as follows: Szarvasi-1 6.01 - 1.05 - 13.46 t/ha, Alkar 5.86 - 0.62 - 12.90 t/ha, Kriszta 5.06 - 0.01 - 13.21 t/ha and Gergő 4.25 - 0.05 - 10.60 t/ha. Under intensive or semi-intensive nutrition both crops are suitable for all types of tested marginal soils. TW better tolerated unexpected water-logging that occurred on Site-2 with heavy clay soil than PR, while PR is more suitable for light sandy soil. The following average DM yields were obtained under intensive nutrition on the most productive Site-3 with heavy soil: 11.77 t/ha Szarvasi-1, 10.14 t/ha Alkar, 8.01 t/ha Kriszta and 7.75 t/ha Gergő, whereas on Site-1 with light sandy soil under intensive nutrition the following average yields were achieved: 7.74 t/ha Gergő, 7.72 t/ha Kriszta, 6.29 t/ha Szarvasi-1 and 5.17 t/ha Alkar. PR had about 148 mm less precipitation on average when compared to TW (187 vs. 334 mm) because of earlier harvest time while the average daily temperature was lower by about 1.9 °C on average (16.3 vs. 18.2 °C). As to varieties Kriszta and Gergő, it is probably one of the first original research papers published and probably the first research based on large-scale experiments of PR from the time when it was recognized as an energy crop.

The aim of this study was to distinguishing between kernels of maize hybrids by the use of image analysis tools. We analyzed 10 registered Zea mays L. hybrids (5 – dent, 2 – semi-flint to flint, and 3 – semi-flint to dent type). Different parameters on ventral, dorsal, corolla side, and lateral side cross section of kernel were measured. Sample per each hybrid comprised 50 maize kernels. Acquired bio-images were processed by software Zeiss AxioVision Rel. 4.8. We analyzed the segmented regions of interest on the kernels. The data for area (mm2), height and width (mm) were gathered from these regions. The hybrid ZE EDOX significantly differed (p < 0.05) from all other hybrids almost in all traits. It is the hybrid with the smallest area of the whole kernel, floury endosperm proportion, and depressed part on corolla. The new trait the area of the depressed part on the kernel corolla was measured. The hybrids with smaller proportion of floury endosperm had smaller area of depressed part, and vice versa. The image analysis methods can usefully contribute to selection of proper hybrids for different types of use.

Účel – Článek se zaměřuje na analýzu potřeb středoškolských studentů při psaní Středoškolské odborné činnosti (SOČ) a na roli knihoven jako partnerů v tomto procesu. Cílem je identifikovat hlavní problémy, s nimiž se studenti potýkají, a ukázat možnosti, jak mohou knihovny přispět k rozvoji jejich informačních a metodologických kompetencí. Studie je zařaditelná do oblasti knihovnictví a informační vědy se zaměřením na vzdělávání. Design / metodologie / přístup – Výzkum byl realizován metodou focus groups během exkurze úspěšných řešitelů SOČ do Moravské zemské knihovny v Brně v září 2023. Do výzkumu se zapojilo 30 studentů, kteří diskutovali o svých zkušenostech s výběrem tématu, procesem psaní odborných prací, využívanými zdroji a rolí knihoven. Data byla analyzována kvalitativním způsobem s důrazem na identifikaci kategorií potřeb a bariér. Výsledky – Výzkum ukázal, že studenti oceňují přínos SOČ pro rozvoj odborných i praktických dovedností a pro jejich budoucí studium. Současně se potýkají s nedostatkem dostupných informačních zdrojů, omezeným přístupem k plným textům, časovou náročností a slabou metodickou podporou. Studenti nevnímali knihovny jako partnery při psaní odborných prací, využívali je spíše jen jako prostor k jejich vytváření. To odhaluje velký potenciál pro rozvoj knihovnických služeb, zejména v oblasti propagace rešeršních a konzultačních aktivit. Omezením výzkumu je záměrný výběr vzorku (úspěšní účastníci SOČ), který neumožňuje zobecnění výsledků. Originalita / hodnota – Článek přináší první systematickou sondu do potřeb středoškolských studentů v českém kontextu z pohledu jejich práce na SOČ a role knihoven. Poukazuje na bariéry, které mohou omezovat jejich motivaci, a nabízí doporučení, jak mohou knihovny aktivně vystoupit z role pasivních poskytovatelů prostorů a stát se partnery ve vzdělávacím procesu.