„breed“ 119 výsledků

Twenty Tsigai and Suffolk crossbreed lambs in grazing conditions were used to investigate the effect of weaning status (weaned vs. unweaned) and sex on fatty acid composition of meat. Six males and four females were included in both groups, the weaned lambs group (WL) and the unweaned lambs group (UL). The fatty acid profile of Musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis intramuscular fat (IMF) were determined by gas chromatography and analysed by analysis of variance. WL displayed higher proportion of t11-C18:1 (P < 0.001), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) C18:2 (P < 0.01) and C20:4 (P < 0.05), n-3 PUFA C18:3 (P < 0.05), C20:5 (P < 0.01), C22:5 (P < 0.05), C22:6 (P < 0.05) and the total PUFA (P < 0.01) in IMF than UL. On the contrary, IMF of UL had higher proportion of the medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C12:0 (P < 0.01), C14:0 (P < 0.01) and C16:0 (P < 0.01), the total SFA (P < 0.05) and the total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (P < 0.05). The weaning status had no significant effect on n-6/n-3 ratio, however the ratio was satisfactory low in both groups. The sex had no effect on a profile of essential and health beneficial fatty acids in meat of lamb. In conclusion, meat of weaned lambs in grazing system might be considered to obtain a higher proportion of healthy n-3 fatty acids compared to unweaned lambs.

The purpose of the study was to asses the effect of calving season and dams’ parity on milk yield and gestation length of dairy cows. We examined 93 animals of Slovak spotted breed from the farm located in western Slovakia (Lower Váh region), in years 2014-2017. The herds’ average 305-d milk yield was 8133±1380 kg. The calving season was divided into four categories: spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February). The factor of dams parity was divided into 4 groups: 1st parity cows, 2nd-3rd parity cows, 4th and higher parity cows. Calving season affected significantly milk yield of dairy cows (P < 0.01). The highest 305-d milk production was oberved in winter calvings (8942±218 kg) and the lowest in spring calvings (7377±287 kg). The gestation length was not signifficantly altered by calving season (P > 0.32). Dams’ parity was not significantly affected by 305-d milk yield (P > 0.22). Nevertheless, the animals on the 4th and higher lactation were numerically more productive (8481±259 kg) compared to the dairy cows on their 1st,2nd-3rd lactation (8123±264 kg; 7884±223 kg; resp.). The dams’ parity significantly affected gestation length (P < 0.02), with the shortest gestation length in 1st parity dams (278±2 days) and the longest gestation in 2nd-3rd parity dams (284±1 days).To sum up, our results suggest significant role of calving season in relation to milk yield and significant effect of dams’ parity on gestation length.

The aim of this work was to clarify impact of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and its composition. The experiment was realized on one dairy farm with Tsigai breed. Totally 252 milk samples from 84 ewes (on their first and second lactation) were analysed. Milk samples within regular test recording day from the whole udder were collected during lactation in April, June and July. On the basis of SCC the samples were divided into the SCC groups: first <200 × 103 cells.ml-1; second ≥200 <400 × 103 cells.ml-1; third ≥400 <600 × 103 cells.ml-1; fourth ≥600 <1000 × 103 cells.ml-1; fifth ≥1000 × 103 cells.ml-1 to see the effect of SCC at the level of regular milk recording test day. The same SCC groups were used for distribution of the lactation means of somatic cell score (SCS) for evaluation of the effect of SCC at the level of whole lactation. Total milk yield per lactation was affected SCS per lactation (P=0.0089). In each month of sampling we observed decrease content of lactose at the level of test day (P<0.001) and at the level of lactation (P=0.001) with increase of SCC. The increase content of protein we detected with increase of SCC at the level of test days (P=0.0281) and decline per lactation (P=0.0452). In content of fat we did not find out change in relation with increase of SCC in regular milk recording test days and per lactation also. The analyses suggest that SCC negatively impact on milk yield and milk composition and SCC should be in high attention of dairy practice.

The climate in the Czech Republic is mild, transient between oceanic and continental, with a typical alternation of 4-year periods. The continental climate is characterized by high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter. During the extreme fluctuation of microclimatic conditions in the stable, there is also a change in individual reproductive indicators due to disruption of hormonal secretion, which further affects individual physiological processes, thus worsening conception or milder manifestations of heat, which we currently try to detect by neck responders and other modern systems.The experiment analyzed the effect of the average monthly temperature and humidity in the stable on the percentage of pregnant cows, in 2017 without the use of neck responders and in 2019, when all cows already had a neck responder. Monitoring was performed in 2017 and 2019 on the private farm GenAgro Říčany, a.s. (GPS 49 ° 12'32.319 "N, 16 ° 23'42.666" V). The values of average temperatures and relative humidity were calculated from 15-minute interval recordings of HOBO brand data loggers (Onset), which were placed in the stable, at the height at the withers of the cows without the possibility of influencing the measurements by the cows themselves. The object of monitoring was a herd of approximately 700 cows of Czech Fleckvieh Simmental various lactations. Data on the conception of cows were obtained both from the monthly reports of the breeding organization and from the data of the breeder.Thermal stress can have a long-lasting effect observable for weeks or months after the summer. This is also evidenced by the results of the work, which shows the worsening conception of cows, especially in late summer and autumn. At the same time, the results show a positive effect of the used neck responders, which help with the detection of heat and thus improve the reproduction of the whole herd.

In this study we observed the effect of peroral and parenteral supplementation of Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VTE) on the selected antioxidant parameters in blood and on the incidence of mastitis in ewes after the first lambing. Of the 350 sheep of Improved Walachian and Lacaune breeds, situated in eastern Slovakia under standard zootechnical and animal hygiene conditions, we selected thirty one-year-old ewes before their first lambing. The ewes were divided into three groups according to the method of supplementation of Se and VTE. The blood samples from vena jugularis were collected on day 30 before lambing (control sampling) and on days 3 and 30 after lambing. Ewes were checked for mastitis on days 10 and 30 after lambing. On the day of the control sampling the ewes from the B1 group were perorally supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg/DM in the form of Na2SeO3 and 50 IU/vitamin E/kg/DM, while ewes from the B2 group were injected subcutaneously Se with VTE at a dose of 6.6 mg/Se and 1,000 IU/VTE. Changes in the concentration of Se and VTE in the blood plasma of ewes were determined only in the perorally supplemented group (B1) on day 3 after lambing. At 30 days after lambing the the incidence of mastitis in this group was half as lower (10%) as in the control group (20%).

The artificial insemination and the oestrus cycle synchronization are some of the most frequently used biotechnical methods of reproduction not only for sheep, but also for the other spieces of livestock. They are used mainly to achieve the shortening of the lambing period and to achieve easier breeding. An exact estimation of the lambing period is essential for the breeding process optimization, as it allows better preparation for the lambing period. This experiment monitors 48 Zwartbles sheep. Before the artificial insemination itself, the oestrus cycle of the sheep was synchronized using intravaginal sponges Ovigest and the subsequent intracervical insemination was performed using fresh, diluted and chilled semen extracted from rams of the Zbyšek and Zachari lineages. The pregnancy rates after insemination and after the subsequent breeding of the barren ewes in a harem were determined according to the pregnancy detection and the subsequent lambing times. Marking the exact date and time of insemination and lambing allowed to determine the overall pregnancy lengths in the inseminated animals. The overall pregnancy rate after insemination was 41.7% and the overall pregnancy rate after the subsequent breeding in a harem was 93.8%. The overall pregnancy period in animals after insemination varied between 141.6 and 147.8 days and the peak of lambing took place between 144.1 and 146.8 days.

The study is focused on the evaluation of the changes in locomotion activity and rumination time in heifers and dairy cows of Holstein breed during estrus. We analysed the locomotion activity and rumination time using the Heatime RuminAct device on 110 dams (78 dairy cows and 32 heifers). We evaluated a total of 298 estrus cycles during the reference period of 3 days before estrus, 3 days after estrus and on the day of the estrus occurrence. The locomotion of cows was expressed in units of locomotion activity in 24 hours (u.24h-1). Rumination time was expressed in minutes in 24 hours (min.24h-1). Based on the results of the study, we established that during estrus, the locomotion activity of dams increases to 888 u 24 h-1 (P <0.001), which represents an increase of +305 u.24 h-1 (+38%). Rumination time of dams was considerably affected by estrus as well and decreased from 582 min.24 h-1 (1 day before estrus) to 482 min.24-1 in estrus time (-43 min.24 h-1).

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of training process on changes of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the movement mechanics of sport horses. A load controller was used to evaluate the motion mechanics. The training load was divided into three stages with different lengths, speeds and degrees of load. Tested animals were 14 horses of Slovak Warmblood breed. Our results have shown that gradual increase of load in the tested horses resulted in better spaciousness of movement, which was reflected in the elongation of the horse´s stride, regular movement and significant energy of the pelvic limbs (p<0.05). From our findings we can state that the effect of gender did not have significant effect on the number and length of steps in each degree of load. We have noticed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the „number of steps“ parameter between the age categories of horses in the age up to 7 years (3.460±619) and the category aged up to 14 years (3.383±572). Gradual increase of the training load led to the economization of the movement and the long-term training process sled to the adaptation of the organism to repeated load.

The effect of the administration of two humic preparations on a selected production and biochemical parameters were monitored in an experiment with broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 breed. There were not observed statistically significant differences between the control group and the experimental groups in the achieved average live weight and the feed conversion ratio in the 37-day experiment. The statistically significant differences (P˂0.001 and P˂0.05) were between the content of calcium, phosphorus and chlorides in the blood of the control group compared to the experimental groups. As for magnesium in the blood, we did not find significant differences (P≥0.05) between the groups. As far as the parameters of the energy profile are concerned, the content of glucose and cholesterol was statistically significantly higher in the control group in comparison with the experimental groups (P˂0.05). The concentrations of triglycerides were statistically significantly higher in the experimental groups (P≤0.05, resp. 0.01, resp. 0.001) compared to the control group.

Apple stand on the top of the most desirable and most produced fruit species in the world. Despite enormously wide genetic diversity among existing apple varieties, the current market is mostly oriented on several cultivars of commercially attractive traits. For the preservation of genetic resources and for breeding programmes, the evaluation of genetic diversity is fundamental. Number of marker systems have been developed and adopted in the assessment apple germplasm. In the present study, CDDP marker technique was used to analyse polymorphism within the genomes of fifteen apple varieties which are of large commercial use. Five primer combinations were used in the PCR amplification: WRKY-F1/WRKY-R1, WRKY-F1/WRKY-R2, WRKY-F1/WRKY-R2B, WRKY-F1/WRKY-R3 and WRKY-F1/WRKY-R3B. All primer combinations produced polymorphic amplification patterns. In some primer combinations, identical amplification profiles were observed in few varieties, but amplification patterns of all combinations merged were specific for each apple variety. Identical profiles were only seen in Red Delicious and Granny Smith in F1/R1 primer combination, May Gold and Paula Red, and Selena and Melodie in F1/R2 primer combination and May Gold and Paula Red when F1/R3B primers were used. Based on the CDDP markers, UPGMA algorithm assessed cultivars Paula Red and May Gold as the most similar (with similarity value of 0.909), whereas Gloster and Ambrosia showed to be the least similar within the analyzed set (similarity value of 0.200). The study proved CDDP markers to be suitable tool to produce polymorphic amplification patterns in apple genotypes.

The study presents an approach to detect selection signals by the scan of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in two beef cattle populations bred Slovakia. The frequency and distribution of runs of homozygosity in the genome are affected by natural and artificial selection, recombination rate and structure of the population. After quality control, the final data set included 43,427 single nucleotide polymorphisms with overall length 2,504 Mb. Across the genome, sixteen regions under strong selection pressure with a total length of 73.94 Mb were identified. The functional analysis of selection signals revealed several quantitative trait loci for body structure, fitness and milk production. In the region with a high frequency of ROH reflecting the intense artificial selection genes related mainly to muscle development (MSNT, ROCK1, LAMTOR5) were observed. Besides, genes related to the control of the immune system (PTX3, FGL2) and reproduction (ADCYAP1R1) were localized within selection signals. The results confirm the intention to improve the production and reproduction traits of Charolais and Limousine cattle according to established breeding objectives for each breed.

The aim of the study was to determine the state of genetic diversity in Charolais and Limousine populations. The analysis was based on the panel of 49 629 SNPs that were used for genotyping of 85 individuals. For the assessment of the genetic diversity, the genomic inbreeding coefficient resulting from runs of homozygosity distribution in the genome and linkage disequilibrium based effective population size (Ne) were calculated. The results reflected a decrease in recent inbreeding (FROH >16 Mb under 1%) compared to historical (FROH >1 Mb in average 6%). The current effective population size was estimated based on the linear regression using Ne estimates for 50 generations ago. The effective population size across all analysed animals was 33.05 for Charolais breed (decrease of 4.51 animals per generation) and 7.02 for Limousine breed (decrease of 2.81 animals per generation). The estimation of current Ne indicated the endangered status of assessment populations and referred the need for continuous monitoring to increase population size but without reducing genetic diversity as a result of inbreeding.

Currently, the prices of dairy cows feed with protein concentrates are rising and the climate change is also manifesting itself with a growing drought in animal production. These are the reasons why there is an increasing interest in growing silage from legume–cereal mixtures (L-C-M) and in increasing their share in feed rations for dairy cows. Furthermore, the L-C-Ms improve the soil fertility during the crop rotation. The effect of these feeds on milk quality was evaluated by adding L-C-M silages into feeding rations. Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breed dairy cows (8 herds; feeding periods without and with L-C-M silages) were included in the evaluation for 3 years. There were used 126 L-C-M (experimental) and 463 control (without L-C-M) bulk tank milk samples in this dairy analysis. Lactose content, solids non fat content and total count of mesophilic bacteria in milk of L-C-M group was increased as compared to control (zero hypothesis probability varied from P ≤ 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001). On the contrary, as new knowledge, milk freezing point depression and somatic cell counts were decreased in L-C-M group as compared to control (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.05). Other milk indicators such as contents of fat, crude protein, milk urea and thermostability (P > 0.05) were not affected by evaluated factor. The residues of inhibitory substances in bulk tank milk in the L-C-M group were not indicated, but one case was in the control group. Feeding of dairy cows with an increased proportion of L-C-M silage in the roughage component a part of the feeding ration is a safe way to replace part of the protein concentrates in animal feeding, regarding milk quality.

It was published, that grape pomace has a positive effect on the animal organism and is also a rich source of fatty acids. The inclusion of grape pomace in the geese feed mixture was the main objective of the following experiment. The addition of grape pomace into the feed mixture was used to investigate to what extent will affect the fattening parameters of geese and the profile of fatty acids analysed from the abdominal fat of geese. The experiment was carried out on 20 geese (Czech goose breed). Two groups were formed to obtain the same average weight. The average weight of the experimental group at the beginning was 1857 ± 196 g. The average weight of the control group was 1872 ± 248 g. For 49 days, both groups were fed a commercial complete feed mixture for geese fattening while in the experimental group 1% of the feed mixture was replaced by dried grape pomace. The average weight of geese of the control group at the end of fattening was 5579 ± 770 g and of the experimental group 5752 ± 752 g. The addition of dried grape pomace to the feed mixture in the fattening of geese increased the average daily weight gain of geese by 5.2% (P˃0.05), liver weight by 22.5% (P˂0.05) and increased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids by 2.5% (P˃0.05), especially oleic acid by 3.0% (P˃0.05). A reduced content of polyunsaturated fatty acids by 1.5% (P˃0.05) and decreased saturated fatty acid content by 3.2% (P˃0.05) was detected in the experimental group. It can be concluded that the addition of grape pomace affected the liver weight of fattened gees, while the effect on fatty acids composition was insignificant.

The objective of this study was to assess egg quality parameters for the whole laying period depending on oviposition time and breed of Czech and Slovak native breeds of laying hens. Besides, to determine the differences between selected breeds in laying pattern, related to the oviposition place. Furthermore, biochemical blood parameters were measured at the end of the study. A total of 60 pullets at the age of 20 weeks were divided according to the breed. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications of 10 laying hens. The eggs were collected every day, at 6:00, 10:00 and 14:00 and the amount of eggs was recorded for each oviposition time interval (from 14:00 to 5:59, from 6:00 to 9:59 and from 10:00 to 13:59). Moreover, the oviposition place (inside and outside the nest) and the amount of eggs in particular place were recorded. In addition, blood samples were collected. Significantly heavier eggs were laid between 10:00 and 13:59 than between 6:00 and 9:59 h (52.44 vs. 51.39 g, resp.). Haugh units were highest in eggs from Czech golden spotted hens that were laid between 6:00 and 9:59 h and in eggs from Oravka hens that were laid between 6:00 and 9:59 h and between 10:00 and 13:59 h. Significantly lower content of yolk cholesterol was found in Czech golden spotted hens compared to Oravka hens (10.64 vs. 11.22 mg/g, resp.). The Czech golden spotted hens had significantly higher level of glucose in blood serum than Oravka hens (16.47 vs. 14.03 mmol/l, resp.). The Czech golden spotted hens, gene reserve of the Czech Republic, are not yet sufficiently described in scientific literature, which highlights the importance of this study.

Developments in sequencing and SNP chip technologies have enabled scientists to obtain high-density genomic data from different livestock species, including cattle. Moreover, many bioinformatics tools are available to analyse high-density genomic data. Via these tools, several statistical approaches such as Principal Component Analysis and clusterin-based analyses could be conducted to reveal the genetic structure of cattle populations. However, revealing the genetic structure and selection signatures of Turkish cattle breeds is a new area of research, since the previous studies are limited with a few microsatellite data. On the other hand, rearing in different geographical and environmental conditions for a long period could possibly lead to more genetic variation in native Turkish cattle breeds compared to high-yielding culture breeds. These variations obviously cannot be detected by limited number of microsatellite markers, while Next Generation Sequencing is promising for further population structure studies. Hence this review aims to summarise previous studies and give a perspective of Next Generation Sequencing possibilities to reveal the population structure of Turkish cattle for further studies.

The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of common mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) herb on selected growth and health traits of young dwarf rabbits. The mugwort species represent regular botanical species with proven favourable effects on health state of many animal species. However, a dietary effect of Artemisia vulgaris (AV) on health of dwarf rabbit genepool has not been studied yet. The study was performed on a total of 12 kits of the Dwarf Lop breed. These kits were divided into 2 groups (control, C; experimental, E). From the age of 21 days up to the age of 112 days the kits in the experimental group received a complete diet specifically designed for the dwarf rabbits with 10% supplementation of the AV meal. There was found no significant adverse effect on live weight and average daily weight gain in rabbits of the E group. Concerning the anticoccidial effect, the 112-day-old rabbits fed the E diet showed a significantly lower (P <0.05) number of excreted oocysts (1,766 OPG) as compared to those in the C group (6,845 OPG). Based on the results of the present study, there can be suggested that 10% dietary inclusion of the AV meal represents a safe share and it showed a positive effect on the excreted coccidiosis count in dwarf rabbits. However, it would be suitable to perform further studies, when the optimization of a mugwort dietary level during specific life periods of dwarf kits and the selection of other Artemisia botanical species will take a place. In addition, monitoring of more growth traits and biological effects of particular substances contained in Artemisia sp. would be studied on dwarf pet rabbits as well.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the relation of protein nutrition to transformation of nitrogen (N) from feed to milk and its urinary excretion in dairy cows under the farm conditions. In breeding conditions of dairy farms in the groups of dairy cows in the 1st phase of lactation, with low content of CP (139±11.8 g/kg), optimum (161.8±6.3 g/kg) and high content of CP (179.7±8.5 g/kg) in dry matter of total mix ration (TMR), was confirmed the effect of increased the level of ammonia (NH3) in the rumen (17.4±1.7; 19.6±2.3; 22.8±3.4 mg/100 ml). The same tendency with higher statistical significance (P<0.001) was confirmed to the increased concentration of urea in the blood (22.8±3.7; 27.8±4.8; 35.1±6.6 mg/dl) and to the concentration of urea in the milk (18.2±2.6; 24.8±3.9; 33.3±6.7mg/dl). In the groups with increasing content of CP in the TMR, the ecological load of the environment increases, that was confirmed by a significant increase (P<0.001) of excreted N in the urine (139.4±19.8; 189.5±30.4; 254.7± 51.3 g N/day) and an increase (P<0.001) in the emission of ammonia into the environment (68.1 ± 6.1; 83.7 ± 9.4; 103.8 ± 15.9 g/day). The highest efficiency of N utilization at the level of 31.1 ± 1.4 % was confirmed at a CP content of 150-170 g/kg dry matter of TMR. The evaluation of direct regression dependence between the analysed CP content in TMR and analysed parameters of N transformation in individual farms was confirmed a significant relationship in CP and NH3 content (r = 0.641), CP and urea in the blood (r = 0.689) resp. CP and excretion of N in urine (r = 0.600). Direct relation was confirmed by the analysed NH3 content in the rumen and the urea content in the blood (r = 0.795), and urea in the milk (r = 0.786), as well as the urea content in the blood in relation to the urea in the milk (r = 0.767). The obtained results confirm the suitability of the use of the monitored markers to assess the level of protein nutrition and the environmental load at the farm.

The growth intensity of cattle significantly affects their future production and reproduction performance. Despite this fact, many breeders underestimate the rearing of calves and heifers. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth intensity of Holstein calves and heifers in PD Devio Nové Sady based on non-contact measurement of live weight and body measurements through the analysis of digital images using the app AGRONINJA beefie3dTM. The growth intensity analysis was based on the standard Penn State protocol, which uses the Hoffman method to estimate growth standards. A total of 143 calves and heifers were evaluated in three independent measurements. Obtained data were compared to an optimal growth curve determined based on the weight and wither height of dairy cows on the third lactation and using a system of growth intensity requirements. The results showed several deficiencies in the growth intensity of animals on the selected farm. We observed a growth deficit in the height of the evaluated calves from 3 to approximately 4.5 months of age. In addition, we observed that heifers older than eight months exceeded the set weight optimum. We also found a significant decrease in growth intensity due to the disease which occurred in the herd. The results of this study showed that regular recording of data related to body measurements and weight, as well as their comparison with the required values, makes it possible to reveal and, at the same time, eliminate many deficiencies in the breeding of heifers that will form the future production herd.

The accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBV) for clinical mastitis (CM) of Czech Holstein cattle was analysed. The single-step genomic method and mixed genomic reference populations were employed. Dataset included 92,388 Holstein cows and 160,426 lactations. CM lactation incidence was 19.05%. Cows calved between 2017 and 2022 in 119 herds. A total of 4,969 Holstein sires and 35,814 Holstein females were genotyped. Three genomic matrices were used, two of them encompassing females. The linear animal model with repeatability included fixed effects of herd,year-season and parity_age at calving. The highest average accuracy of GEBV occurred for genotyped cows. SD of GEBV accuracy for bulls was significantly higher than these for cows. The accuracy of genotyped cows with health phenotypes ranged from 0.06 to 0.51. For the genotyped bulls born in 2021 and 2022, maximal accuracy was 0.37; for genotyped heifers, maximal accuracy was 0.42. The highest average GEBV accuracy occurred for the reference population with genotyped bulls and genotyped cows with phenotypes. The average accuracy for the young genotyped bulls increased by 1p. p. when phenotyped cows were considered in the reference genomic population. The cow's GEBV accuracy benefited from including their genotypes in the prediction. It has been confirmed that due to the expansion of the genomic reference population to include a group of genotyped cows with phenotypes, the individual reliability of GEBV for CM has increased.